福建晋江宋代磁灶窑出土铅釉陶的腐蚀研究

铅釉陶瓷是我国古陶瓷的重要品类,因其耐腐蚀性较差,器表易产生"银釉""虹彩"等腐蚀现象。采用体视显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪和拉曼光谱仪分析了福建晋江宋代磁灶窑出土的7件釉陶样品,目的是阐明铅釉在埋藏环境中的长期腐蚀现象、腐蚀产物和过程。结果表明,釉层主要成分为PbO和SiO_2,以Cu和Fe作为着色元素,陶胎为非钙质黏土,推测釉胎交界处的白色薄层为K-Pb长石晶体层。釉面中"虹彩"现象呈现出多层结构,主要是因为水的侵蚀,使得玻璃相中的部分择优组分(碱金属、碱土金属、铅氧化物等)转入环境介质中,即H~+与釉中Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、K~+、R~(n+)等发生离子交换反应,形成缺碱的富硅层[硅凝胶Si(OH)_4·n(H_2O)],呈现出"虹彩"现象。釉面腐蚀物中有磷酸铅盐、碳酸铅和碳酸钙,是溶出离子与埋藏环境反应在釉层表面沉积生成。     

Advances in Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology

Ceramic ethnoarchaeology has developed considerably since Kramer's (Kramer, 1985, Annual Review of Anthropology 14: 77–102) review. More sophisticated readings of social theory and analyses that consider multiple variables and levels of variability have led to better understandings of social boundaries. Perceptions of ceramic change are becoming increasingly sophisticated, thanks to more long-term projects as well as research that takes advantage of new opportunities, including historic collections and nontraditional settings. The newly developing ethnoarchaeology is contributing to general anthropological understandings of material culture and society.     

Materializing Identities: An African Perspective

Archaeological approaches to social boundaries are currently emphasizing the dynamic nature of processes thought which individuals construct, maintain, and negotiate their identity. Although the integration of such concepts has led to a more accurate reconstruction of past social boundaries, it has also revealed a need for more sophisticated ways of interpreting material culture. This paper is a step in that direction. Focusing on pottery chaînes opératoires and addressing questions about the salience and scale of particular behaviors, I seek to develop general propositions regarding the relationships between technological styles and aspects of social identity. To that end, I compare African pottery techniques at a subcontinental level and see whether there are recurrent patterns in their distribution and whether these can be related to specific social boundaries or historical processes of group formation.     

Discontinuing Traditions: Using Historically Informed Ethnoarchaeology in the Study of Evros Ceramics

Ethnoarchaeological studies of pottery primarily focus on the ethnographic present, often disregarding the role of history in the production of material culture. This paper integrates information from historical sources and ethnographic interviews to better understand stylistic ceramic change. Beginning in the 1920s, undecorated pots largely replaced decorated pottery in the region of Evros, Greece. I argue that historically informed ethnoarchaeology provides the key to documenting and understanding the concomitant changes in the social context of pottery production and consumption and the distribution of material culture.     

广东博罗先秦硬陶的XRF和INAA研究

为揭示广东博罗梅花墩、银岗、横岭山三地古陶器的产源、烧造工艺、技术传播和化交流等方面情况,用波长色散X射线荧光分析(WDXRF)、仪器中子活化分析(INAA)同时测量了广东博罗梅花墩、银岗、横岭山等三地点所出38片西周至春秋、战国硬陶中Al、Ba等元素的含量。并用主成分分析分别处理了测量数据。两套数据的分析结果均表明,梅花墩、银岗和横岭山的硬陶原料互不相同,各地点硬陶可能主要是“自烧自用”。数据分析还表明在南方各省区中,广东硬陶具有Al2O3含量偏高这一明显的地区特征。     

再论大汶口文化的陶刻

关于大汶口文化中出现的陶刻符号,就其意义问题,曾引起学术界的热烈争论。从 60年代首次发现于大汶口文化遗址以来,一直没有间断对这一课题的研究。本文通过相关文化的区域特征和刻划符号出土的背景资料,阐明大汶口文化的刻符,并非具有文字的意义,应该与原始宗教有着密切的关系。     

山东新石器时代早期考古新收获

山东地区的史前考古工作,始于1930年举世闻名的章丘市龙山镇城子崖龙山文化遗址的发掘.至80年代末期止,经过近60年的艰难探索,几经高潮,逐步建立了距今7300年至2200年左右,前后承袭、持续不断的北辛文化、大汶口文化、龙山文化、岳石文化和齐鲁文化的考古学文化发展谱系,表明……     

三门峡彩绘陶器保护浅析

在中华民族的文明史上,陶器是先民们遗留下来的最宝贵的财富之一。陶器的制作经过长期的发展,不同时期、不同地域的器物无论造型、装饰等,都具有各自的特点。彩绘陶器的出现则把陶器的装饰工艺推倒了一个新的高度。 三门峡出土的彩绘陶器主要是战国、汉唐及宋代的实物,到目前为止,累计有近百件。其特点是在烧好的陶器（陶胎的火候一般较高）上,用红、黄、白、黑等矿物颜料绘出多种装饰图案。虽然用色仅有几种,但由于对色料的运用及图案的设计比较协调和自然,产生了强烈的艺术效果,是研究历史文化不可多得的实物资料。但是,这些彩…     

Ria de Aveiro A: a shipwreck from Portugal dating to the mid-15th century; a preliminary report

The remains of a coasting vessel were found in a lagoon close to the coast. Four radiocarbon determinations provided a date in the mid-15th century and it has been the subject of several seasons of excavation of CNANS. The excavation strategy is described, as are its surviving constructional details which are analysed with reference to early sources for Portuguese naval architecture. This coaster has constructional features found in ocean-going ships of the Iberian-Atlantic tradition. Its cargo of pottery is one of the most extensive and closely dated from the Age of Discovery and includes 18 forms.     

陕西杨家湾出土西汉彩绘兵马俑的修复保护研究

陕西咸阳杨家湾出土的西汉彩绘兵马俑出现大面积严重风化褪色现象及彩绘层严重脱落、起翘,应尽快采取抢救性保护措施对其进行保护。在系统分析了该批彩绘兵马俑的病害种类及其产生原因后,通过XRD、SEM—EDS和Micro FT-IR对其彩绘颜料成分进行了分析。此基础上,制定了一个系统的修复方案,选取了合适的修复工艺及修复保护剂。结果表明,三乙氧基硅烷缩合而成的树脂胶材料对彩绘层进行回帖后,其强度有了明显的增强。经过自行研制的RFC显现加固剂处理后的彩绘颜色显现出了其古朴清晰的原貌,且颜料附着力增强。