北宋政治得失与政治文化

在社会化系统中,直接影响与作用于政治的是政治化。北宋政治化是中国传统政治化发展演变的一个历史阶段。在北宋繁荣的学术化与学艺术的促进下,北宋政治化的发展更加成熟,具有自己的独特内容。在北宋社会的长期稳定与发展中,可以明显看到北宋政治化对政治所发挥的影响与导向功能。在北宋的政治危机以及北宋败亡中,则可以清楚地看到政治化所具有的缺陷与弊端。北宋政治化不仅具有中国传统政治化所固有的缺陷,而且在其形成发展中又产生了新的问题。     

略论刘墉——兼论清中期的政治人物

刘墉是清代中期一个名的清官,又是一个典型的官僚知识分子。而长期以来,由于资料所限研究阙如。刘墉对乾隆朝字狱政策的推波助澜,以及政治上的无所作为,都主要是时代和历史造成的。     

论过渡时期我国政党关系的演变

政党政治是近世各国普遍的政治形式。健康有序的政党关系不仅是民主政治的主要内容之一,更是实现民主政治的主要保障机制和外在环境。由于没有民主政治的历史传统和必要的制衡力量,加之中国传统“党同伐异”的政治化观念,近代中国一直没有形成近代意义上的政党关系。建国初期,中国政党关系走上法制轨道。但这一政党关系经历了一个由复合政党关系到单一政党关系的转变,不仅政党关系的运行机制发生了转变,而且其历史使命也发生了相直的变化,并由此奠定了我国社会主义建设时期的基本政党关系模式。     

论清代的藩部与行省

清代中国政区包括藩部和行省两大部分,二虽同是统一国家主权下的统治形式,但彼此间又存在明显差异,主要表现在：行政体制及权力运行方式不同;双方对国家的权利、义务不同;国家政策上的区别对待及由此造成的地位差异;藩部、行省与中央政府关系形态不同,造成差异的原因是复杂的,而历史发展呈现的趋势则是藩部地区的内地化及全国政治、经济的一体化。     

Towards a feminist geopolitics

The intersections and conversations between feminist geography and political geography have been surprisingly few. The notion of a feminist geopolitics remains undeveloped in geography. This paper aims to create a theoretical and practical space in which to articulate a feminist geopolitics. Feminist geopolitics is not an alternative theory of geopolitics, nor the ushering in of a new spatial order, but is an approach to global issues with feminist politics in mind. 'Feminist' in this context refers to analyses and political interventions that address the unequal and often violent relationships among people based on real or perceived differences. Building upon the literature from critical geopolitics, feminist international relations, and transnational feminist studies, I develop a framework for feminist political engagement. The paper interrogates concepts of human security and juxtaposes them with state security, arguing for a more accountable, embodied, and responsive notion of geopolitics. A feminist geopolitics is sought by examining politics at scales other than that of the nation-state; by challenging the public/private divide at a global scale; and by analyzing the politics of mobility for perpetrators of crimes against humanity. As such, feminist geopolitics is a critical approach and a contingent set of political practices operating at scales finer and coarser than the nation-state.     

论晏阳初科学普及思想

晏阳初在从事平民教育和乡村改造的实践过程中,为使广大农民摆脱愚、弱、穷、私的困扰,积极倡导科学普及,提出了“博士下乡“的口号和“农民科学化、科学简单化“的原则方法、以及一整套实施科学普及的程序,形成了丰富的科学普及思想.在今天看来,仍然具有极大的学习与借鉴意义.     

Archaeological Perspectives on the Rise of the Okinawan State

This paper presents an examination of processes of secondary state formation that occurred during the emergence of the Ryukyu Kingdom, in southwestern Japan, from the tenth to seventeenth centuries A.D. These processes include the influx of new populations, the appearance of new subsistence strategies and political groupings, shifting patterns of long-distance trade, the development of new patterns of foreign relations with China and Japan, the creation of indigenous culture and new ideology, and the transformation of gender hierarchy. I examine these processes from the perspective of political leadership and the nature of political hierarchy, concluding that the Okinawan case is distinctive in its heterarchical organization. The corporate, collective nature of Okinawan communities was overlain by a state-level network system that developed at the time of tributary linkages with China in the fourteenth century A.D.     

政治地理学与知识经济

知识经济的到来,极大地改变着区域的政治、经济和文化,改变着人类活动的时间、空间和方式,向政治地理学提出了新的挑战,也为其发展提供了新的机遇。政治地理学和知识经济有着必然的联系,使传统意义上的政治区域、区域政治的概念发生了巨大的变化,政治地理学必然要研究知识经济。本文就政治地理学与知识经济的关系进行了探讨。就如何在继承研究政治地理学传统的基础上,拓展研究空间,为区域政治、经济和文化服务,提出了相关的建议。     

城市规划“误区”之我见

城市规划质量直接影响着城市能否健康地发展。当今城市规划指导思想和实践活动中存在的某些“时弊”,已成为城市发展的障碍。本文针对城市性质上的“狂热”思潮：旅游城市热、交通枢纽热、商贸金融中心热、国际化城市热;城市用地规模上随意行为;水资源开发上盲目乐观情绪等现象进行了初步探讨,提出在城市规划中必须实行适应国情、市情的发展战略观点     

The importance of communal forests in carbon storage: Using and destabilizing carbon measurement in understanding Guatemala's payments for ecosystem services

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are a conservation initiative that offer payments to people who own or manage lands that provide desired ecosystem services. Utilizing mixed methods, I examine how PES in the form of government-issued forestry incentives interact with land tenure to affect carbon storage in Guatemala's Western Highlands. Land tenure is a larger determining factor for carbon storage than payments, as communal forests managed by Indigenous Maya K'iche' communities have significantly higher carbon stocks than private landholdings in these same communities. No statistically significant differences were found in carbon stocks between incentivized and non-incentivized plots, and participants enrolled only a fraction of their land, likely prioritizing enrollment of degraded plots. These results indicate the importance of using both social and physical science methods to understand the physical outcomes and social context of forest management. I also reflect on why carbon storage is often prioritized, drawing on a critical physical geography framework to analyze carbon accounting methods. Measuring carbon storage gives us the tools to describe the success of communal forest management, yet I also caution relying on the quantification of ecosystem services as a method for landscape valuation and suggest avoiding prioritizing carbon storage and sequestration.