Changing mental maps of the Baltic Sea and Mediterranean regions

ABSTRACT

Little empirical research has considered the way in which macro-regions are perceived outside academic and political circles. Such studies alone can determine what regional narratives mean for the wider public, and the extent to which they coincide with region-building images produced by elites. This article examines the mental maps of high school seniors in 10 cities in the Baltic Sea and Mediterranean regions, focusing upon their perception and knowledge of other countries in those areas. Despite efforts at region building since the Cold War, the two regions remain divided on mental maps. Students have little knowledge of countries across the sea from their own, although such knowledge is generally greater among those from coastal (and particularly island) locations. A comparison with maps constructed by Gould in 1966 reveals that the perception of countries within one's own region among Italian and Swedish students has become more negative over the last 50 years.     

Palestine,Israel, Gaza,and the West Bank: the muddled mental maps of French and Israeli students

ABSTRACT

The Palestinian–Israeli Conflict is perceived by many – observers and parties to the conflict alike – as a struggle of two peoples over the same land. Yet, through this century-long conflict (and more so as Israel has expanded and deepened its occupation), what was once, perhaps, imagined as a single land has become an assortment of territories. These territories bear multiple names and different legal statuses, and their boundaries are often blurred. In light of the jumbled patchwork that Palestine–Israel has become, we examine the ways that the conflict’s territorial dimensions are imagined and represented. We study the mental maps of the region held by higher education students from Israel, both Jewish and Arab-Palestinian, as well as with university students from Montpellier, France. The representations indicate that while the French students were almost completely at a loss regarding the conflict’s spatial dimensions, the students from Israel were also confused, especially regarding the Occupied Palestinian Territories. We argue that these findings stem from a wider process of deterritorialization, linked to the conflicting relations between state and nation and intensified by a policy of chaotic spatial arrangements.     

旅游服务感知评价模型的实证研究

本文以2004年7月10日-8月28日,对西安外国游客所作的1005份问卷调查资料为基础,在李克特量表的基础上,提出了旅游服务感知的框架模式和量化评价模型,并以西安为实证,把外国游客按照不同文化背景、不同性别及不同年龄段进行分类,对西安旅游服务感知情况作了对比分析,探讨外国游客对西安的旅游服务感知量化评价,从中揭示出当前西安旅游服务中存在的主要问题。     

跨文化服务接触中游客服务质量感知的心理模型建构

服务接触是跨文化旅游交际的核心,是游客满意度构成的重要组成部分。本文以中国导游和美国游客之间的服务接触为例,以心理模型理论为基础,分析了美国游客感知中国导游服务质量的过程。本文认为,游客感知服务质量、形成满意度的过程是一个游客建构心理模型的推理过程。在建构过程中,由于游客的文化定位、价值观、旅游经历、个性特征、认知能力和情绪等诸因素的不同,每个游客所建构的心理模型不尽相同,最终形成的服务质量评价和满意度也不尽相同。     

Epistemological paradigms in the perception and assessment of vernacular architecture

The current situation of vernacular architecture is a result of the different perspectives of agents who have some sort of direct or indirect relationship with the architecture of the past which has influenced attitudes and ways of thinking, thus guaranteeing its assessment and survival. Therefore, this article reviews recent currents of thought and theories encapsulating the increased value of vernacular architecture. In the eighteenth century, this architecture made the romantic ideals of rural society synonymous with its surroundings, territory and country. In the twentieth century, a select few modernist intellectuals carried out in-depth studies of this architectural type in relation to its formal values. Now, in the twenty-first century, it has become the object of technological and scientific analysis for many experts. The current situation still presents many unresolved problems, which are perhaps the result of little thought having been put into specific aspects of the process of vernacular architecture.     

Some Nahua concepts in postconquest guise

Merchant activity was a central element in the networks and webs of relationship over the Atlantic in the eighteenth century. When closely analyzed, however, daily merchant practice does not fit easily into regional categories, whether Atlantic or imperial. Merchant life was heavily dependent on the building of chains of trusted correspondents, who would both be able to guarantee adequate quality and satisfactory pricing upon acquisition or sale of the goods traded, and willing to extend credit in a trading world in which all operations included long time lags before final payment. For each trading center, the addition of such chains of correspondents constituted networks both supra-regional, covering the entire world, and sub-regional, specializing in some areas more than others according to prevalent political-imperial pressures. It is argued that the common element in all these networks, i.e. merchant development, is best identified as a worldwide, but Europe-dominated social process underpinning much of what is usually meant by “Atlantic” history.     

节事旅游对乡村聚落影响的居民感知差异研究——以京郊江水河村和长哨营村为例

以乡村节事及节事旅游对不同类型乡村聚落的影响差异为主要关注点,选取北京远郊区的江水河村、长哨营村作为节事举办地案例,以当前国内乡村地区普遍应用的民俗文化类节事作为节事类型案例,从居民感知角度采集节事影响的基础数据,结合SPSS等数据处理工具分析和探讨了两地居民对同类节事的感知差异。在此基础上,结合两个村落人文环境和地理环境的差异,进一步从节事活动可参与程度、节事举办地特征以及节事与节事举办地资源适配性的角度,阐释了乡村节事应用绩效的主要影响因素,为乡村节事的差异化推广和应用提供参考和依据。     

流动视角下生活方式型企业主移民综合感知及归属倾向研究——以丽江束河古镇为例

以移民聚集地丽江束河古镇为例,运用质性分析法中的半结构式访谈法对26位生活方式型企业主移民进行访谈,从流动性视角出发,在预调研、半结构式访谈和二手资料分析基础上,对束河古镇此类移民群体的综合感知进行研究,编码分析共得出4个一级类目（社会交往、自我认知、生活环境、负面感知）以及12个二级类目,详细分析各类目之间的关系和意义后,深入探讨了移民群体的归属倾向问题,剖析该问题的主要影响因素并提出了具体策略,为该类移民发展提供了保障。     

Urban morphological change in the case of Selcuk,Turkey: A mixed-methods approach

The purpose of this article is comparatively to determine changes in the urban morphology of the city of Selcuk in Izmir province, Turkey, using quantitative and qualitative methods, specifically cartographic redrawing and commented walk. Using two different methods makes it possible to include the human factor, which has not been studied extensively in the urban morphology literature. In the first section, the two methods are discussed in detail. Regarding cartographic redrawing, the 1897 map and aerial photographs of the area were used. For the qualitative part of the study, commented walks were carried out with 15 people. The city’s morphological development can be divided into five historical periods from 1897 onwards, with the findings showing that the findings obtained by combining two different methods complement each other. Moreover, small-scale changes in form and function, which could not be revealed in detail by quantitative methods, were identified through the commented walks. These small changes have affected Selcuk’s citizens at least as much as the large-scale changes.     

旅游者对广州饮食文化景观形象感知的实证研究

"食在广州"已成为一个集味觉享受、视觉感受和听觉冲击于一体的广州形象的宣传口号,成为广州吸引外地旅游者的重要品牌。通过对外地旅游者的抽样调查,探讨旅游者对广州饮食文化景观的形象感知特征,结果表明:①广州整体旅游形象中,购物突出,饮食居次;②传统美食和饮食习俗受偏爱;③旅游者注重餐馆的用餐环境和服务,总体上对餐馆表示满意;④广州饮食的多元化特征在旅游者感知中表现明显。旅游者对广州饮食文化景观形象感知特征对于科学合理的开发利用广州饮食文化景观资源有重要的理论与实践意义。