天变灾异与熙宁变法

在熙宁变法期间,当天变灾异发生时,宋神宗不敢放弃对天的信仰,不敢放弃天人感应说;王安石徘徊于天道自然观与天人感应说之间,也没有能力说服宋神宗接受他的天道自然观;反变法派则借机大肆攻击,恰中宋神宗与王安石的弱点。天变灾异使安石变法陷入困境,是熙宁变法失败的关键因素之一。     

The Landscape Archaeology of Southwest Sardinia Project: New Data and Method from the Insular Mediterranean

Sardinia has played a vital integrative role in the Holocene Mediterranean, most notably—although not only—as a key locus in emergent maritime “Mediterraneanization” and as an object of contestation among mainland polities over the last three millennia. Yet, despite the florescence of Mediterranean survey archaeology, this standard method has only been sparsely employed in Sardinia, with a pronounced focus on large, urban, coastal sites. Accordingly, we have little understanding of the ebb and flow of human settlement in the Sardinian interior. This represents a significant lacuna in the study of Mediterranean archaeology and history. Here, we report data from the first two seasons of the Landscape Archaeology of Southwest Sardinia (LASS) Project, a multidisciplinary project designed to correct this bias and to investigate how episodic integration into—but also disintegration from—larger economic and political structures drove sociocultural and socioeconomic change in southwestern Sardinia over the Mid-Late Holocene.     

茶马古道保护规划的必要性与可行性

茶马古道作为连接内地与西藏的古代交通大动脉,历经唐、宋、元、明、清,其历史作用和现实意义不可低估.它在历史上不仅促进了茶马古道沿线高原城镇的发展,为汉、藏以及其他民族间的经济和文化交流做出了重要贡献,重要的是历代中央王朝通过“茶马互市”和“茶马古道”,更加巩固了西南边疆,维护了国家的统一.因此,对茶马古道采取保护规划工作,对其进行有效保护,刻不容缓.本文阐述了开展茶马古道保护规划工作对于茶马古道及其相关文化遗产保护的重要意义,并归纳开展这项工作具有的可行性.     

The “Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”: China's modern trauma

This paper examines and analyses the causes and consequences of the Cultural Revolution in China. This great twentieth century Chinese trauma cannot be detached from Mao as a person. He was its initiator and – as a charismatic leader – stood above the people and the party, and in the consciousness of the majority of the people was perceived as a great, compelling leader. This paper traces the historical setting, the causes, the process and the consequences of this tremendous political and social movement. In addition, the role of Mao and the concepts of his followers are scrutinized. Finally, the issue of whether or not the Cultural Revolution should be classified as a “revolution” is discussed.     

北宋海外贸易陶瓷之考察

北宋是海外陶瓷贸易相对平缓的一段时期,但贸易活动并未中断。北宋早中期,贸易陶瓷在五代宋初基础上渐进发展,越窑青釉瓷和景德镇窑青白釉瓷构成了稳定组合。北宋中期晚段是贸易陶瓷的转变期,闽广地区以外销为主的窑场迅速兴起并占据了海外市场的主体。其中广州、潮州、泉州窑场主要面向东南亚及西印度洋地区,福州窑场主要面向日本。北宋末期,闽南、广西窑场青白釉瓷繁盛,龙泉窑青釉瓷崛起,潮州、漳州产品亦见于日本。此时,东西方贸易陶瓷品类组合都趋于复杂化。     

亚述帝国邮驿制度辨析

亚述帝国的邮驿制度尚处于初创阶段,还存在一些需要完善之处:其一,亚述帝国的御道只修建在本土的部分地区,况且有些路段的路况不能令人满意;其二,亚述帝国的驿站仅仅设立在边远地区,它们的服务尚未尽如人意。但是,亚述帝国的御道与其他道路一起构成了贯通全国的交通网,为国王管理控制地域广阔的帝国创造了条件。驿站是亚述帝国通信体系的重要组成部分,有助于国王加强对边远地区的控制。亚述国王选派亲信奔赴各地,他们不仅传达国王的政令,而且可以代表国王处理行省事务。总之,亚述帝国的邮驿制度是国王加强统治的一种重要工具。     

驼道悠悠

本文记述了作者和日本学者为了学术研究,访问我国内蒙古锡林郭勒草原的过程。全文分上下两篇,上篇介绍了他们赴苏尼特草原考察、访问德王故居和去草原古刹贝子庙了解班禅诵经传法的情况。     

中国近代工业道路的历史反思

中国近代工业道路形成于19世纪后半期的半殖民地半封建社会,其形成的前提条件、产生方式、组成结构、行业发展和资本积累等方面,都具有与一般资本主义国家所不同的独特性,给我们今天的工业现代化建设留下了深刻的教训。     

旅游危机事件与旅游业危机管理

"非典"再次提醒人们要重视危机事件对中国旅游业的冲击。正确认识中国旅游业面对的国内外危机事件的特点,根据危机发展过程的特征进行旅游业危机管理迫在眉睫。本文分析了危机事件对旅游业的影响及其类型,以及可能面临的危机的情势;根据危机发展过程和行为主体特征,分析了旅游业危机管理的构成体系以及在危机各阶段需要采取的主要应对措施;提出中国旅游业在当前进行危机管理急需完成的任务。