Between Social Reformism and Conservatism: Soviet women under the Finnish occupation regime, 1941–1944

The article deals with the Finnish gender policies during the occupation of Soviet Karelia in 1941–1944. It explores the wartime occupation of Soviet Karelia as a clash of Bolshevik and Finnish visions of the woman's position in society, including the level of visual propaganda. Based on oral history interviews and former Soviet archival materials, it also demonstrates how the local population reacted to social visions imposed from above, thus combining the approaches from ‘above’ and from ‘below’.     

Italian politics: no improvement in sight

Abstract

The victory of the center left in the April 2006 elections was the product of a small numerical majority that has been translated into a slim parliamentary majority in the Senate. However, the difficulties of Prodi's government have deeper roots. This article explores the structural factors of Italy's never ending political and institutional transitions, both in the political and in the social sphere. Electoral and institutional reforms may help, but the crisis runs deeper because it also affects the authorities, their origin, their quality, their performance and the political community, its fragmentation and its anti-political beliefs.     

Fragments of the Modern City: Material Culture and the Rhythms of Everyday Life in Victorian London

This essay analyses the influence of Charles Baudelaire's and Théophile Gautier's fetishist poetics on the early works of Algernon Charles Swinburne. If the crucial role played by the Victorian poet as a cultural ‘passeur’ between France and England has often been highlighted in recent criticism, his aesthetic delight in certain forms of sexual deviance such as podophilia has rarely been explored in relation to the verse of his French mentors. Swinburne, Gautier, and Baudelaire may have indeed shared this erotic fascination with feet: this is a fascination that was partly grounded in these poets' common interest in antique literary models, in particular in Sappho's poetry. Rather than extolling the Hellenic ‘sweetness and light’ which some of his contemporaries set so high, Swinburne indulged in dangerously eroticised Dionysian aesthetics which were perceived as both ‘too Hellenic’ and ‘too French’. I argue that the fetishism of the poetic foot may be read as one of the keys to the Victorian poet's subversive shift away from the serenity often associated with Victorian neoclassicism in favour of a Dionysian energy that anticipates Friedrich Nietzsche's works.     

沈阳经济区经济重心的演变及其轨迹分析

沈阳经济区作为国家新型工业化综合配套改革试验区,对其区域差异的研究具有重要的意义。通过研究区域自1992年以来经济重心的动态演化过程,得出该地区经济发展县际差异的动态变化规律,并且就其演化的机制因子进行了分析。研究表明:沈阳经济区经济重心主要介于沈阳市苏家屯区和辽阳市灯塔县之间,基本接近几何中心,并与几何中心的距离呈现不断缩小的趋势,表明区域经济发展的不平衡性在减弱。19年来,经济重心总的移动趋势为先由东北向西南移动,再由西南向东北推进,但移动轨迹呈现出一定的曲折和波动,其年移动距离和方向与区域经济发展水平、速度及政策等显现正相关关系,反映出区域不同时期发展战略政策的变化。     

抗日根据地时期中共基层干部群体——以晋西北抗日根据地为中心的研究

干部在中共抗日根据地政权建设中具有举足轻重的作用,或者说中共要达成自己的政权建设目标需要建立一个忠诚且有效的干部支持体系.1940年1月晋西北抗日民主政权建立后即开始自己的政权建设努力,试图通过民选方式和平且合法地改造基层政权,实现控制乡村社会、汲取乡村资源、服务抗战的目标.而越来越多的贫苦农民则依靠中共支持并借助"选举"渠道进入政权系统,由此构建了以中、贫农为主体结构的基层权力格局.这些新生干部尽管是中共在乡村社会最基本的依靠力量或中共革命事业最主要的承担者,但由于文化素质低下、行政经验缺乏、革命意识不强,似乎很难真正承担起中共的伟大理想.这亦充分说明干部队伍建设是中共需要不断努力破解的一道"难题".     

Monks and children: corporal punishment in Late Antiquity1*

This article examines the place of corporal punishment in early monastic discipline. By comparing the role assigned to corporal punishment in a variety of monastic rules from across the late antique Mediterranean, from the Rules ascribed to Pachomius (d. 348), to the Rule of Benedict from the mid-sixth century, it demonstrates that late antique monastic writers had a sophisticated and ordered approach to this type of penalty. This approach drew both on the concept of the absolute authority of the punishing father in Scripture, and on the limitations of Roman social expectations and ancient educational values to such absolute authority. As a result corporal punishment was seen either as a last resort when all other disciplinary measures had failed to bring about a reasonable response, or the appropriate punishment for an offence that originated from irrational conduct. Contrary to ancient household practices, however, which seem to have reserved corporal punishment for small children and slaves – conventionally perceived to lack ability to reason – late antique monastic rules invoked corporal punishment as a possibility for every member in the community who demonstrated irrational behaviour. In this way they blurred traditional boundaries between children, slaves and adults.     

基于干旱脆弱性的农户系统体制转换及其影响机制——以榆中县中连川乡为例

通过问卷调查和半结构式访谈获取数据,基于社会-生态系统多体制视角,对农户系统体制及状态进行辨识,并构建农户对干旱的脆弱性指数对其进行评价;采用多元logistic模型识别农户系统体制转换影响因素,并从客观动因、主观动因和决定动因三方面,探讨农户系统体制转换的影响机制。研究表明:①研究区农户系统体制从传统农业体制,向新型农业体制和非农型体制转换。农户由于自身转化力不同,转换结果存在差异。②自然环境和社会经济发展驱动系统体制发生转换,农户期望(教育支出和家庭责任)决定转换方向,农户转变生计方式的能力(行为认知、劳动力比重和社会网络)决定转换程度,在其作用下,农户体制和状态出现差异并最终导致脆弱性分异。     

中国居民消费增长波动多尺度变化及趋势研究

采用经验模态分解(EMD)方法对1953-2009年中国居民消费增长率波动进行分解,得到其IMF分量及趋势分量RES,运用方差贡献率及相关性检验其周期变化,并利用Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验方法对增长趋势进行研究。结果表明:中国居民消费增长波动存在3年、8年和12.4年的准周期,以准8年周期为主,准3年周期次之;56年来居民消费呈波动增长趋势,1978年是其突变点,当年对外开放政策的提出极大促进了居民消费增长,1983年居民消费增长率超过临界直线,此后呈显著上升趋势。经济因素、居民收入水平和消费结构是影响中国居民消费增长波动的主要因素。     

从芒砀到丰沛:汉高祖刘邦起兵发微

从丰西纵徒到夺取沛县,刘邦在这两年多时间的活动史书多有阙失。从零散资料发微表明,其间刘邦在芒砀山制造舆论、积聚力量、等待时机,为起兵反秦做准备工作。陈胜、吴广大泽乡起义,天下云集响应,刘邦距张楚政权最近,并与陈胜的重要谋士张耳有故交,但为了独立发展,始终没有与陈胜义军发生任何联系。在夺取沛县之前,应有一个丰邑起兵的过程,这是刘邦正式起兵反秦的开始。     

基于美丽乡村建设的农户参与生态环境治理行为机制

乡村生态环境治理是美丽乡村乃至美丽中国建设的重要任务,而农户主动参与是乡村生态环境实现根本性治理的关键。本文构建了农户参与生态环境治理行为发生机制研究框架,运用结构方程模型,对农户调查数据进行实证检验,分析了农户参与生态环境治理行为的驱动因素及影响路径。结果表明：(1)农户行为遵循“认知—感知—响应”的发生路径模式,生态环境治理认知是驱动农户行为的基础性变量,生态环境治理感知是认知正向驱动农户行为的中介变量;(2)环境社会资本、环境影响敏感度、农户行为自觉等因素分别是制约生态环境治理认知、生态环境治理感知及生态环境治理响应的主要因素;(3)在美丽乡村建设及生态环境治理过程中,政府发挥了主导性作用,多主体参与的社会监督、社会组织等社会资本建设尚待加强,以农户为中心的多主体参与模式和体制机制有待健全。