楚庄王的霸业与楚国的出路--楚民族政治理性与民族个性精神的双重提升

楚庄王作为春秋五霸之一,对其以蛮夷率诸候的政治地位,后世儒有着“微言”与“大义”的二难评价。如果我们将楚庄王的霸业置入春秋战国时楚民族的自身发展的历程中加以考察．便会发现楚庄王的霸业是楚民族政治理性与民族个性精神在春秋时的最高体现;楚庄王的霸业也预示了庄王之后的楚国发展必将面临着一个楚民族精神提升或曰转型的艰难课题。     

“还”的语源义特点及其虚化路径

通过对“还”探源,找出其源义素并充分发掘其语源义特点,以说明其对“还”由古及今的各个义位的统领价值;进而勾勒出“还”的语义虚化环链——以“返”和“回”为起点构成两大语义引申系列,各系列内部又有分支而呈现出链状的多层级网络结构。在此基础上探讨了其虚化路径。     

农村空间商品化的理论基础与实现路径

实施乡村振兴战略,产业兴旺是关键。农村空间商品化是农村空间生产转型的主要驱动力,其概念强调农村经济重构,以农村空间商品化研究农村发展问题符合理论与实践要求。本文旨在：①梳理西方农村地理学理论发展脉络以支撑农村空间商品化概念与路径探索研究;②基于农村空间商品化的概念、理论、实践,参考相关研究方向的发展模式,提出农村空间商品化的多种实现路径;③讨论初级农产品生产等四条路径与农村空间商品化的关系及其在全国的分布特征,并对纳入城市建设拓展区等三条路径的特征做了简要说明。     

New and past geochemical data on fresh to brine waters of the Salar de Atacama and Andean Altiplano,northern Chile

The paper deals with the major chemistry and stable isotopes (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, strontium) of waters and solutes from the Salar de Atacama basin (Rio Pedro, Honar Creek and Laguna Chaxa) and Andean Altiplano (Laguna Miñique and Laguna Miscanti). The water inflows of the Salar are chemically quite different, the Rio San Pedro being of Na‐Cl type and the Honar Creek of Na‐HCO₃ type, in keeping with the sedimentary‐evaporitic and volcanic nature of the catchment rocks respectively. The δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O values of sulfate and the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of strontium in the streams match those of drained rocks, whereas the δ¹³C values of dissolved carbonate are largely controlled by vegetation. The lagoons are evaporated meteoric water bodies, and the relative air humidity estimated from the slope of the isotopic evaporation line is in accordance with historical data on air humidity in the area. The Laguna Chaxa is Na‐Cl rich, and its isotopic composition are consistent with a mixed sedimentary‐volcanic provenance of sulfur and strontium solutes. The Laguna Miñique is Na‐SO₄ rich, and its sulfate δ³⁴S is nearly identical to that of Laguna Chaxa. The δ¹³C(HCO₃) values are quite different in the Laguna Chaxa and Laguna Miñique, with the former being notably enriched in ¹³C probably because of preferential uptake of ¹²C by the high biological productivity occurring in the lagoon. The limited set of new data is interpreted in the context of a much larger literature database. In particular, previous chemical data on inflows and brines in the Salar de Atacama were revisited, and compared with evaporation path models and mineral stability diagrams (boron, lithium and Mg‐minerals) computed using updated software and thermodynamic databases. The modeling shows that the removal of boron and lithium from sulfate‐rich brines possibly occurs, respectively, as ulexite and sulfate salts, and carnallite should be the final magnesium phase of the brine evolution.     

High‐speed railway to success? The effects of high‐speed rail connection on regional economic development in China

We find that high‐speed railway connection in China has led to a reduction in GDP per capita for connected peripheral prefectures. We use the least‐cost path‐spanning tree network to address the nonrandom route placement issue. We find that the reduction of GDP per capita is driven by significant contractions in capital input, industrial output, and skilled labor outflow. We present evidence to support a trade‐based channel in light of falling transportation costs between peripheral and metropolitan regions. Our finding highlights the importance of the cost of human transport.     

清代海禁政策与对外贸易中的利益博弈分析--以新制度经济学视角

学术界对于清代海禁政策研究主要着眼于政治与历史范畴而鲜有完整的经济学视角。文章运用制度经济学相关理论对清代海禁政策进行"新经济史"研究,在重新探讨清朝海禁原由的基础上,根据新制度经济学框架分析了海禁政策下对外贸易中各利益相关方的博弈以及海禁政策延续百年之久的原因。作者认为一国政府部门在制定政策时,不仅要从政权利益层面出发,还要兼顾民众利益,考虑他国利益,使政策能够多方共赢。     

Entrepreneurial industry structures and financial institutions as agents for path dependence in Southwest Norway: the role of the macroeconomic environment

ABSTRACT

Guided by an evolutionary perspective, we study how macroeconomic shifts as an exogenous factor contribute to the endogenous roles of financial institutions and the entrepreneurial industry structure as indicators for path extension or diversification in Southwest Norway. Path extension implies that new firm formation reproduces itself with limited variation. Path diversification implies a departure from existing paths, in that entrepreneurial activities expand into unrelated or related industries. Between 1992 and 1998, we observe a departure from path extension and an increase in entrepreneurial path diversification into unrelated industries, but this trend declines in the following years. The increase and decline are stronger for Southwest Norway than for the rest of the country. Throughout the whole period of observation (1992–2011), we observe a steady decline in path diversification into related industries. Thus, Southwest Norway, and the country as a whole, experiences an extension of an industry structure that increasingly reproduces itself, which implies stronger path dependence and decreasing diversification of related and unrelated entrepreneurial activity. Financial institutions mostly reinforce path extension, even in periods when abundant capital is available, but to some degree, they also induce related path diversification.     

口岸城市入境旅游流空间扩散路径实证研究——以上海市为例

本研究以东部典型入境口岸城市上海为研究对象,以市场调查资料为数据来源,从节点、方向及路径三个角度研究上海市入境旅游流的路径转移扩散规律。研究结果显示,以上海作为入境1：7岸的入境旅游流扩散人次排前十的节点城市依次为：北京、西安、杭州、成都、南京、桂林、广州、昆明、苏州、深圳;按照旅游流扩散方向可将入境旅游流扩散方向分为四类：北向、南向、西北向和西南向,并在每个方向上分别归纳出4条扩散路径,其中上海→北京→西安这→路径人数比例最高,上海→成都→西安→北京次之,上海→西安→北京处于第三位;同时研究显示,入境旅游流的扩散存在着路径依赖及路径依赖锁定现象。     

The nonprofit arts organization concept and its transformation in Korea

ABSTRACT

After the Korean War, both the autocratic and later democratic South Korean governments actively fostered the development of Korea’s arts sector, in part by emulating the organizational and legal structures of U.S. nonprofits. Yet, in this policy transfer, Korea has taken a different path, notably rearticulating the U.S.-style hands-off facilitation model to reflect and accommodate Korean political, institutional, and cultural exigencies. We analyze the effects of the resulting cultural policy on Korean public arts institutions, using documentary evidence and narratives from our case studies of two national arts organizations restructured by the government: The National Theater Company of Korea and the Seoul Arts Center. We employ the concept of cultural statism, conditioned by "culture as glorification," resource dependence, and path dependence, to understand the development of Korea’s public arts sector. Specifically, we consider: the government’s desire to use the arts to enhance its image on an international stage shaped by western liberal democratic values; arts leaders’ desire for reliable support (resource dependence); and the tendancy of Koreans to want to be associated with the stability and prestige of the government (path dependence).