The Tung Oil Boom in Australasia: a Network Perspective

Ideas about networks are explored in the context of the interest within the British Empire and the United States of America in planting Tung Oil trees (Aleurites fordii) during the 1920s and 1930s. Closer attention is paid to the Australian and New Zealand experience and short-lived enthusiasm for the search for seeds, the collation of information on growth rates, and the planting of Tung trees. The paper briefly distinguishes various types of network research in human geography and concludes by raising some questions about space and time in network approaches in the social sciences more generally.     

故宫古华轩黑漆描金落地罩装饰层的材料工艺研究

故宫乾隆花园内的古华轩外檐落地罩是北方地区建筑装修使用大漆工艺的罕见案例。为探明其装饰层材料工艺做法,综合利用光学显微分析、免疫荧光染色分析、X射线荧光光谱分析、扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱分析、热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用等多种技术,结合传统漆作文献记载和清宫档案,详细厘清了装饰层的材料组分、制作工艺及营缮历史。研究表明,古华轩落地罩保存了八个时期的装饰层,整体使用调入桐油的大漆髹饰,不同时期的黑漆分别采取添加炭黑、添加铁盐两种方法制得。金饰做法包括描金、贴金两种。初始营缮工艺为捎当灰—布漆—漆灰—黑漆—色漆—金饰；重缮时做法相对简化,并将原先的一色金改为两色金。