Material Movement in the Near Eastern Epipalaeolithic: Implications of the Shell and Stone Beads of Direkli Cave,Turkey

Direkli Cave is an Epipalaeolithic site in the central Taurus mountain range in southeastern Turkey that was used by mobile hunter-gatherer communities. The assemblage of beads from the cave, made primarily from shell (marine and freshwater) and stone, shows new evidence both that bead materials were brought to the site from the shores of the Mediterranean and that the material culture of the site has relationships to the Levant, northern Mesopotamia, and inner Anatolia. This article questions how such a bead assemblage should be interpreted in the light of existing evidence for the Near Eastern and Anatolian Epipalaeolithic and what it adds to our understanding of the better known contemporary Natufian culture of the Levant. It considers the long-distance movement of materials, interregional material cultural influences, and the way the Epipalaeolithic period is conceptualized more broadly.     

On Trial—Social Relations of Map Production in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Britain

ABSTRACT

This article examines the social relations of map production in mid-nineteenth-century Britain with reference to moments when maps and their makers were ‘on trial’—legally in court in Edinburgh in 1853 and by public opinion in London in 1854 following a lecture. The principal protagonists include Alexander Keith Johnston of the map firm W. & A. K. Johnston, the German cartographer August Petermann, the mapseller Trelawney Saunders and John Bartholomew junior of the Bartholomew map firm. The article draws upon Thomas Gieryn’s idea of the ‘truth spot’ and on Matthew Edney’s call for studies in processual map history.     

八大前后中共对苏联模式的思考与改革--兼论党对中国社会主义建设道路的有益探索

中国社会主义建设与苏联模式息息相关一方面,中国共产党对苏联模式的认识直接影响了中国社会主义建设的理论与实践;另一方面,中国社会主义建设过程中出现的许多问题,只有通过研究中国共产党对苏联模式的认识,才能搞清楚.在八大前后一年多的时间里,中国共产党之所以能够对中国社会主义建设道路作出有益探索,是因为这个时期,以毛泽东为主要代表的中国共产党人对苏联模式的认识比其他时期更准确.中国共产党从多方面批评了苏联模式的弊端,强调学习苏联经验要同中国实际相结合,并且提出了相应的改革措施,这是中国共产党探索中国社会主义建设道路所取得的积极成果.     

Marine Tourism in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia

Marine tourism is an important component of nature‐based tourism in the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia. It offers a wide range of passive and active recreational activities in near‐pristine wilderness areas. Marine tourism in the region is recognised as a growth sector having expanded rapidly since 2000, and it is unusual in that growth has been limited by a lack of vehicular access points to the coast. This unplanned growth has been irregular. A marked downturn in visitation by yachts has coincided with an increase in visits by charter boats. Although only five bush camps are established along the coast, boat visits occur at approximately 216 locations that are all subject to potential environmental damage. The extent to which this unplanned industry can be sustained without jeopardising environmental, social and economic values remains open to question.     

His Brother’s Keeper: Charles Livingstone and the ‘Failure’ of David Livingstone’s Zambezi Expedition

David Livingstone’s Second Expedition to Africa (1858 to 1863) began with lavish promises and expectations and ended ignominiously, with official Britons castigating the once greatly esteemed explorer of Africa. To what extent did Charles Livingstone, an ordained Congregational minister and David’s American-trained younger brother, help to diminish the Expedition’s successes? Were David Livingstone’s promising exploring and scientific efforts compromised by his seemingly troubled, racist, brother? American-trained and an ordained minister, with a supposed ‘ascendancy’ over his elder brother, how did Charles’ prejudices and actions undermine his brother’s leadership and the accomplishments of the Zambezi project?     

新中国国防动员体制建设的实践与探索

我国的国防动员体制是在借鉴苏联国防动员体制、继承我党革命战争动员经验、结合我国实际建立起来的,其形成和发展大体经历了五个发展阶段:1949-1955年为应急性探索时期,1956-1962年为仿苏全面建设时期,1962-1978年为非常发展时期,1978-1993年为恢复调整时期,1994年至今为充实完善时期。通过对我国国防动员体制发展历程的回顾,可以得出以下启示:坚持党的领导,确保动员决策和平战转换的快速高效;突出政府的主体地位,科学规范动员供需对接机制;紧密结合国家体制改革,实现动员职责的普遍化;着眼于权威高效,构建实体性的国防动员组织领导体系;健全动员法规制度,构建“法制主导型”的运行体系;适应动员环境的发展变化,不断推进动员体制的改革创新。     

环北部湾海洋经济圈发展研究

随着海洋世纪潮的全球涌动,实施海洋经济开发已成为中国经济和社会发展的重要战略取向。而横跨中越两国边境的北部湾海洋经济区,是中国西南地区出行东盟国家的必经通道,具有重要的国际合作开发价值,所以已经纳入海洋区域开发和西部大开发的国家战略安排。为此,考察北部湾海洋经济区的基本结构,依托自身优势打造北部湾海洋经济圈;发挥区域内核心城市的引擎功能,促进北部湾海洋经济区协调发展;充分利用海洋资源禀赋,依据西部大开发政策打造环北部湾海洋经济圈,使之成长为中国与东盟的区域性物流基地、跨国境商贸基地、现代制造业基地和国际信息交流中心,应当从研讨课题推进到合作开发实践。     

中国海洋经济发展空间差异分析

90年代后期,中国海洋经济增长迅速,但区域差异呈现增大的趋势。文章分别从海洋经济发展总体水平、发展速度、产业结构变化方面入手研究不同尺度的中国海洋经济空间差异。在研究中利用标准差、变异系数、加权变异系数以及塞尔指数等指标分析中国海洋经济的省际差异以及北、中、南三大地带内及地带间差异的演变趋势。绘制罗仑兹曲线来反映海洋产业的空间集聚扩散情况。并指出出现区域差异的原因主要是资源禀赋、产业空间集聚、国家政策和外商投资倾斜以及历史基础等方面,最后提出缩小海洋经济区域差异的建议。     

论中国古代的"五帝时代"

中国是世界上四大文明古国之一,历史悠久,在研究中国古代历史的时候,首先涉及的一个问题是文明时代从何时开始？什么时候出现统一的国家？夏代以前的社会怎么称号？这些问题看起来很简单,实际上很复杂,一时难以统一。从大量的文献记载和新的考古发现看,已经为我们探索和解决这些问题提供了大批资料,我认为：中国古代文明时代应该从黄帝开始,这个时代应该叫“五帝时代”。 “五帝时代” 是中国古史中的一时代,《史记》、《竹书纪年》、《世本》、《大戴礼》中的五帝是：黄帝、颛顼、帝喾、尧、舜,《帝王世纪》中的五帝是：少昊、颛…     

发挥海洋旅游资源优势,加快大连旅游业发展

21世纪是海洋经济时代,海洋旅游是海洋产业群的重要组成部分有广阔的发展前景。本文论述了海洋旅游业的重要性,分析了大连市海洋旅游资源的特点,在此基础上,提出了海洋旅游产品开发的对策。