产业转型期的长三角区域海洋旅游特色产品链构建

长三角地区是我国综合实力最强的经济中心,这一地区海岸线漫长,海洋旅游资源丰富,具备了发展旅游的资源、需求、区位和产品四大优势,是重要的旅游目的地和旅游客源地。近年来,长三角地区的入境旅游增长幅度逐年下降,旅游经济在国民经济体系、对外经济体系和服务经济体系中的比重也正发生着变化,旅游业面临着转型。作为现代服务业的旅游业是无边界产业,它与其它行业的广泛融合、相互渗透,形成了多样化的产业新形态。本文剖析了长三角地区转型时期的旅游产业,分析该区域旅游产业的新形态,并提出了构建海洋特色旅游产品链的设想。     

江苏盐城海滨湿地社区参与生态旅游开发模式研究

社区参与是生态旅游的本质需求,社区参与生态旅游开发对实现盐城海滨湿地生态旅游可持续发展具有重要意义。本文分析了盐城海滨湿地生态旅游开发和社区参与的现状,对湿地社区居民参与旅游开发的态度和行为进行了调查,在此基础上提出了社区居民参与生态旅游的决策规划模式、经营管理模式、产品开发模式以及利益分配模式,并提出了居民参与旅游开发的保障机制。     

The Stone Age of northern Scandinavia: A review

Throughout most of the Stone Age, which covers the time period between ca. 10,000 and ca. 3500 B.P., the majority of groups in northern Scandinavia was hunter-fishers with a strong orientation toward the coastal environments. Three areas, southwestern and northern Norway and northern Sweden, have been singled out for more detailed discussions of the social and cultural developments in different types of marine environments. Differences can be discerned between the societies in the southern and those in the northern regions, as the northern groups seem to have developed more complex social and cultural systems than in the south. These differences have been related partly to a greater emphasis on maritime sea hunting in the north. Agriculture was introduced twice. The first time, in the early Neolithic, agriculture was tried but apparently did not manage to compete with better-adapted local hunting-fishing practices. The second time, in the late middle Neolithic, agriculture resulted in drastic social, economic, and cultural changes.     

Matthew Flinders through French Eyes: Nicolas Baudin’s Lessons from Encounter Bay

The encounter between Nicolas Baudin and Matthew Flinders off the south coast of New Holland in April 1802 has attracted considerable attention. For many, it has come to symbolise the triumph of the spirit of international scientific cooperation over national rivalries and personal ambitions. Scholarly analysis of the complexities of the encounter moment itself has, however, served to modify this idealised image. The injustice subsequently done to Flinders by François Péron and Louis de Freycinet, who failed to acknowledge his discoveries on this coast in the published account of the French voyage, has also generated much discussion. The impact of the encounter on Baudin and his men, on the other hand, has not been subjected to the same scrutiny. Through a close examination of the archival documentation, this essay offers the French perspective on Matthew Flinders and highlights the ramifications for the Baudin expedition of this fateful meeting with him.     

孙中山关于中国政党政治模式的探索

孙中山在探索中国政党政治模式的过程中,尝试和实践了三种政党政治模式,这就是西方的两党政治模式、“一党治国”模式和国共合作治国模式。孙中山关于中国政党体制三种模式渐次否定的发展过程,既代表了他对中国政党体制的探索过程,也反映了他政治思想的发展过程。孙中山对政党体制的认识发展,与他的政党观念以及三民主义的发展都是一致的。     

MAPPING WORLDS WITH IRREGULAR SHAPES

Near-spherical worlds may be mapped using conventional techniques, but many solar system objects with diameters less than 500 km have very irregular shapes and pose special problems for cartographers. I describe the history and current status of exploration and mapping of these bodies with emphasis on cartographic problems, their solutions, and unusual cases requiring novel approaches to mapping. These include binary and multi-lobed objects, and faceted shapes for which near-global maps may be simultaneously equivalent and conformal.
On peut faire des cartes de corps célestes qui ont une forme presque sphérique en utilisant des techniques conventionnelles, mais la plupart des petits corps célestes (diamètre de moins de 500 km) sont loin d'être sphériques et présentent des problèmes particuliers pour les cartographes. Je discute de l'histoire et de l'état actuel de l'exploration et de la cartographie de ces corps célestes - et j'examine de près les problèmes cartographiques, leurs solutions, et des cas particuliers qui doivent être examinés d'un nouveau point de vue. Ceux-ci incluent les objets avec deux lobes ou plus ainsi que les formes à facettes, dont les cartes peuvent être équivalentes et conformes en même temps.     

Brief encounters: Tatham Mound and the evidence for Spanish and Native American confrontation

Skeletal trauma often has been utilized to examine facets of inter- and intragroup violence. Eighteen skeletal elements from Tatham Mound are considered in this study, which exhibit wounds similar to documented cases of trauma caused by edged metal weapons. Tatham Mound is a sixteenth century mortuary site in central Gulf Coast Florida and is located within the reconstructed zone of contact with the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of skeletal elements are conducted in order to distinguish trauma due to edged metal weapons from other perimortem and post-mortem bone modification. The damage on elements from Tatham Mound is compared with documented cases of trauma from edged metal weapons as well as medieval European skeletal remains exhibiting trauma due to edged metal weapons. It is concluded that some of the observed cases are probably due to metal weapon wounds inflicted by the Spanish explorers.     

Biodeterioration dynamics of marine wreck-sites determine the need for their in situ protection

The condition of a wooden shipwreck varies considerably according to the nature of the site environment. Each marine site exhibits a unique biodeteriogenic potential influenced by prevailing hydrographic factors. The potential rate of degradation of organic archaeological material can be determined by monitoring the diversity and activity of marine organisms and is important in determining if in situ protection is required. To illustrate the deteriogenic potential of marine archaeological sites a cold water site (Langstone Harbour, UK) was compared with a warm water site (Zakynthos, Greece). The warm water site supported a greater diversity and activity of wood-boring crustaceans and molluscs than the cold water site. However, although the mycodiversity at the two sites was different the deteriogenic potential was similar. These results indicated that warm water sites are more hazardous and in situ protection is required during and after excavation.