“Where every breeze speaks of courage and liberty”: Offshore Humanism and Marine Xenology,or, Racism and the Problem of Critique at Sea Level

The 2015 Antipode RGS‐IBG Lecture was delivered by Prof. Paul Gilroy on 2 September at the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Annual International Conference. Prof. Gilroy's lecture interrogates the contemporary attractions of post‐humanism and asks questions about what a “reparative humanism” might alternatively entail. He uses a brief engagement with the conference theme—“geographies of the Anthropocene”—to frame his remarks and try to explain why antiracist politics and ethics not only require consideration of nature and time but also promote a timely obligation to roam into humanism's forbidden zones.     

Bromine,a possible marine diet indicator? A hypothesis revisited

This study examines the hypothesis that bromine in human skeletal tissue serves as an indicator of marine diet. Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy of samples from archaeological sites on the Peruvian North Coast showed relative enrichment of bromine in the cementum and osteons. X-ray absorption spectroscopy determined organobromine to be present, suggesting an exclusive association with the organic component. We used skeletal tissue from marine mammals as a proxy for the marine diet. Bromine, when observed in these specimens, was recorded close to the detection limits; therefore, bromine in archaeological skeletal material does not appear to be an indicator of marine diet.     

Bridging the gap: a terrestrial view of shallow marine sequences and the importance of the transition zone

The shallow shelf area around the coast of the UK contains an important record of maritime and, potentially prehistoric archaeology. Increasingly this area is the focus of anthropogenic activity such as gravel extraction and cable laying in advance of which it is increasingly common practice to investigate the archaeological potential of the sequences/regions. Well structured approaches have been developed for the investigation of maritime wrecks and the latest Prehistoric remains, however the Palaeolithic archaeological potential of these regions is less clear. This is partly due to the depth of burial of archaeological material and the rather more fragmentary nature of the sequences present. Where consideration of the Palaeolithic archaeology has been undertaken, models and presumptions derived from terrestrial situations have been extrapolated across the near shore zone, where often there is no data, and into the maritime area. Within the maritime area these models have been used to interpret seismic data and scarce offshore core data for making regional reconstructions. Here we consider some of the issues in reconstruction and highlight the difficultly in extrapolating between terrestrial and maritime situations without careful investigation in the transition zone. In particular we argue that rather than assuming similarities between patterns of landscape evolution between the on- and off-systems we should anticipate dissimilarity of patterns, missing sequences and different landscape formation processes particularly in those areas of the shallow shelf area formerly occupied by drainage basins during sea level low-stands.     

从满城汉墓探寻赤仄五铢钱

赤仄五铢钱是西汉武帝时期铸造的五铢钱之一种。根据《史记》和《汉书》的记载,武帝时期铸造了郡国五铢、赤仄五铢和上林三官五铢三种。元狩五年(公元前118年)铸郡国五铢,元鼎三年(公元前114年)铸赤仄五铢,次年废郡国、赤仄五铢钱,专铸上林三官五铢。因此这三种五铢钱...     

国外工业遗产再利用对福州马尾区工业旅游开发的启示

本文在理解工业旅游和工业遗产旅游的起源和概念基础上,从西方国家对工业遗产保存和再利用的模式中受到启发,分析了福州马尾区工业旅游开发的条件,突出马尾造船厂这个具有代表性的历史遗迹及其船政文化的内涵,强调马尾区工业旅游开发特色在于对"工业遗产"的保存和利用、对近代船政文化的发扬光大,而不仅仅限于现代造船工业的观光。在借鉴国内外工业旅游开发经验基础上,提出了适合福州马尾区的传统和现代工业相结合的工业旅游开发设想。     

'Taming the Lagoon': Aquaculture Development and the Future of Customary Marine Tenure in Kiribati, Central Pacific

ABSTRACT The atolls and low‐lying limestone islands of Kiribati (Micronesia) illustrate the challenges of economic development based on natural resources exploitation. For that reason, the widely scattered island nation has relied heavily on foreign aid and remittances sent by merchant seamen. However, it is becoming apparent that excessive reliance on external support can no longer be considered secure in the medium to longer term, notably with cutbacks in aid assistance and advances in marine technology. In attempts at achieving ‘self‐reliance’, successive governments have always perceived marine resources development, particularly living resources, as a means of attaining greater economic independence. Recently, efforts have been underway to promote inshore and aquaculture development by smallholders. Seaweed farming, and especially black pearl production, are new commercial ventures. Giant clam mariculture remains an option. While it is too early to measure the success of some of these projects, their establishment may have important implications for reviving marine tenure by encouraging smallholders to reassert their traditional rights to inshore resources. Customary marine tenure (CMT) has declined significantly as a result of colonial intrusion. Today, the impact of population growth, urbanization, more efficient extractive technologies and expanding market opportunities calls for more effective village‐based control of threatened resources. Close monitoring of aquaculture projects will be required to minimize potential conflicts over traditional marine ownership.     

The Production and Exchange of Marine Shell Prestige Goods

Marine shell ornaments have several characteristics that make them significant for archaeological analysis. Made from a raw material valued by cultures throughout the world and imbued with water, life, health, and fertility symbolism, shell objects have functioned as prestige goods. Shell prestige goods circulated between individuals, groups, and societies and materialized interpersonal relationships, making them valuable for archaeologists shifting focus from objects to the people in past societies. Shell ornaments had multiple roles, including ornamentation, wealth, marking status, and as ritual paraphernalia, and had varying symbolic associations even within a society. The rich ethnographic literature on shell use provides a source for archaeological model building. Marine shell artifacts often moved between societies and across long distances, offering a way for archaeologists to explore regional relationships and the interactions between ancient societies. To do this requires using several scales of analysis to investigate archaeological residues of a system that includes marine shell ornaments, the social organization of their production and exchange, and the people who made, displayed, and circulated them.     

Conservation and Management Strategies Applied to Post-Recovery Analysis of the American Civil War Submarine H. L. Hunley (1864)

The 12-m long submarine H. L. [Horace Lawson] Hunley was successfully recovered from the Atlantic in August 2000 after nearly 140 years of immersion, and immediately brought to the Warren Lasch Conservation Center to be excavated in a controlled environment. In 2001 a multi-disciplinary team excavated the crew compartment and uncovered numerous fragile artefacts and human remains. This paper describes the conduct of the excavation and technological advancements developed to work with this complex and unstable iron vessel. Impressed current technologies, automated tank controls and water monitoring systems; laser mapping; fibre-optics; database management; in situ x and gamma rays; moulding and protection of fragile archaeological features; and protocols for moving artefacts to the laboratory will also be discussed.
© 2004 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

1908-1909年克拉克探险队在黄土高原地区的考察——基于《穿越陕甘》的探讨

1908-1909年,美国克拉克探险队在黄土高原腹地的晋、陕、甘等省区进行了480余天的综合科学考察,行程3200余公里,沿途进行动物标本收集、地图测绘、气象观测等活动,对途经地区的气象、地貌、水文、植被、动物、城镇、商贸、人口、交通等内容进行了广泛调查和记述,是清代后期西方人对黄土高原地区自然和人文地理状况最为系统的一次考察。本文以《穿越陕甘》的记述为中心,结合相关英文文献,重点阐述克拉克探险队的组建过程、行经路线、调查方法、考察内容等,并与同一时期其他欧美探险队进行比较,以客观评价克拉克探险队的考察收获。     

海洋规划的区域类型与特征研究

随着我国海洋经济规模的逐步扩大,迫切需要加强对海洋经济规划的研究,以利于加快海洋资源的开发利用,促进沿海地区经济合理布局和产业结构调整,努力促使海洋经济各产业形成国民经济新的增长点;同时也改变我国海洋规划理论研究严重滞后的实际。作者认为应该根据地理覆盖范围将海洋规划划分为国际综合性海洋计划、国家层面海洋规划、省(市)级海洋规划及地级市域海洋规划等四种区域类型。