Big data analytics for mitigating carbon emissions in smart cities: opportunities and challenges

The paper addresses the growing scepticism around big data use in the context of smart cities. Big data is said to transform city governments into being more efficient, effective and evidence-based. However, critics point towards the limited capacity of government to overcome the siloed structure of data storage and manage the diverse stakeholders involved in setting up a data ecosystem. On the basis of this, the paper investigates the challenges city governments face when dealing with big data in the context of carbon emission reduction. Through the lens of the evidence-based policy and policy capacity literature, the cities of Copenhagen (Denmark), London (UK), Malmö (Sweden), Oxford (UK) and Vienna (Austria) are analysed. The cases reveal that the institutional complexity underlying big data integration limits local government capacity to set up data management structures that would allow further utilization of big data and that current solutions focus on local pilot sites and outsourcing of data analytics.     

Does a turbulent history lead to turbulent life expectancy trends? Evidence from the Baltic States

After the time of the Great Duchy of Lithuania and that of their inclusion to Russian Empire, the three Baltic countries got their first independence after WWI, but WWII forced them to enter the Soviet Union for almost five decades before getting their second independence and resuming with market economy, to finally join the European Union. Such strong historical changes caused major impacts (either positive or negative) on the implementation of the health transition in the region, quite interesting to document, but they also produced dramatic changes in the quality and the accuracy of information required to compute mortality indicators. The aim of this article is to briefly summarize existing knowledge on mortality in the Baltic region for the past two centuries, but focusing more precisely on the consequences of getting in and then getting out of the Soviet system in terms of health and survival.     

甘肃秦安大地湾遗址出土白色块状颜料成分分析

渭河流域的大地湾文化诞生了迄今为止我国最早的一批彩陶,彩陶的制作不但反映了当时人们认识自然、利用自然的程度,也反映了大地湾先民的精神世界。为了了解大地湾先民对彩陶白色颜料的认识情况,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、红外光谱(RTIR)、热分析(TG-DSC)方法,分析了大地湾遗址出土4块白(浅)色块状颜料的化学组成、物相组成、热性能。结果发现,白色块状颜料主要分为两类:一类是碳酸盐类,QD1(大地湾二期)和QD2(大地湾四期)主要含有石英、白云石、白云母、绿泥石等;另一类是铝硅酸盐黏土矿类,其中,QD3(大地湾四期)白色部分主要含有石英、无定型的高铝硅酸盐(可能为偏高岭石和钾长石)、方石英、莫来石、钛铁矿等,红色部分为赤铁矿小颗粒,样品表面有碳酸钙沉积,而QD4(具体分期不详)主要含有石英、白云母、钠长石、高岭石等,样品表面有碳酸钙沉积。研究结果可为探讨大地湾先民对彩陶颜料原料的处理、加工情况,制陶工艺水平提供数据支撑。     

From central place to central flow theory: an exploration of urban catering

ABSTRACT

The research shift from central place theory to central flow theory has demonstrated the influence of information technology on cities. The study explores this shift at the city scale of urban catering industry in Nanjing, China. A comprehensive set of indicators of E-WoM for the catering industry has been established. Based on this, the spatial distribution patterns of catering industry in Nanjing, China have been discussed to examine the relationship of restaurants distribution and the central place theory or the central flow theory using a data analytical approach. The results revealed that the spatial distribution of restaurants’ density in Nanjing follows a traditional central place theory, but the spatial distribution of restaurants’ E-WoM in Nanjing rather follows the central flow theory. In addition, different characteristics could be found in different types of restaurants’ E-WoM distribution. Mainstream cuisine follows central place theory but is inconsistent in urban business districts, which demonstrate some characteristics of central flow theory. The distribution of E-WoM of non-mainstream cuisine is similar to the E-WoM distribution of overall restaurants, showing a central flow pattern. Finally, the implications of the study are drawn.     

基于GIS的中国省际人口迁移流的空间特征分析

文章基于中国第五、六次人口普查与2005年1%人口普查数据资料,采用流数据分析方法,运用GIS空间分析技术,选用省际人口迁移的最大联系线、最大迁出流、最大迁入流、期望线、迁移效率、粗迁移率等方法系统地研究了我国1995-2010年间省际迁移的时空动态特点及其区际联系。结果表明:全国省际人口迁移的流动性不断增强,东部地区更明显;省际最大人口迁出与迁入流反映了中国省际区域间空间相互作用整体框架,全国大致可以分为3个人口吸引片区和5个辐射片区;省际最大净迁移流主要分布在东南沿海地区,中、西部地区分布较少,其空间分布与各省的MEI_(i)指数密切相关。     

云南省反贫困地理信息系统建设初探

本文从信息系统为决策支持服务的角度出发,以GIS、RS为手段,综合自然、经济、社会、环境等因素,多学科交叉,设计反贫困GIS的总体框架结构,研究和解决面向管理和决策的数据模型,实现致贫基本因素、贫困类型分布与贫困形势变化监测等方面的信息查询与辅助决策分析为一体的综合地理信息系统,为区域反贫困决策的各层次提供辅助分析与决策支持,为反贫困决策提供科学依据。     

中国旅游产业集聚与产业效率的关系研究

基于中国31个省区的数据,测量与估算了2012年中国旅游产业六大要素部门的产业集聚现状;利用数据包络分析模型对各部门的技术效率进行评价,同时构建旅游产业集聚与技术效率的回归模型,探寻旅游产业集聚程度与产业效率之间的相互关系。结果表明:中国旅游产业整体集聚程度仍然偏低,且六大要素部门之间发展不均衡;当前我国各省区旅游业的产业规模普遍偏小,大部分省区旅游产业都处于规模报酬递增阶段;旅游产业的规模化集中度对产业技术效率有较强的积极影响,回归系数达到0.672;企业集中度、劳动力集中度对产业技术效率存在较小的消极影响。     

青海民族地区轻工业发展的制约因素分析

文章通过分析青海省民族地区轻工业发展的制约因素,提出了更好地利用资源优势和区域文化优势,带动和支持青海少数民族地区经济又好又快发展的思路。     

Rein Ahas基于手机定位数据的方法创新与地理研究

本文对爱沙尼亚塔尔图大学人文地理学教授Rein Ahas基于手机定位数据的方法创新与地理研究做了相对全面的梳理与综述。随着信息与通信技术的快速发展以及手机的大规模普及,手机定位数据可以突破有限的时空框架,实现海量、客观、实时、准确和电子编码的数据收集,从而便于研究者发现人的时空间行为模式和规律。Ahas以社会定位法为主线,以手机定位数据为主要数据源,以地理可视化为分析手段,不断地通过时空间行为和活动空间研究参与到旅游、通勤、交通、社会隔离和智慧城市等多样化的领域中。他的研究方法及经典案例有助于国内学者扩宽视野,更加深入理解这一新型数据源的使用特点和应用潜力,并进一步对其进行理论与方法上的挖掘与探讨。     

山东青州香山汉墓出土西汉彩绘陶器腐蚀病害及其机理分析

为保护山东青州香山汉墓出土大量精美的西汉彩绘陶器,针对出土器物的腐蚀病害现状,运用X-射线衍射分析和偏光显微分析等技术手段,对出土彩绘陶器表面的白色盐分产物和陶片本体进行了检测。检测结果表明,表面盐分产物成分为碳酸钙和硫酸钙;该批陶器烧制材料主要由砂屑及粘土构成,所用粘土为岩土矿长期风化的积聚产物;制作工艺以模为主,模、塑结合;并结合以上的几种分析结果对其腐蚀病害及产生机理进行了论述,发现陶器表面风化是云母类矿物内部化学键断裂以及保存环境中的可溶盐的破坏应力所致。本研究结果为彩绘陶器保护修复提供了科学依据。