知识型旅游目的地管理平台框架及其构建

旅游目的地的竞争力很大程度上依赖于信息如何通过基于ICT的基础设施和服务来满足相关利益方的需求。但是,在目前旅游目的地已积累了大量可用数据的情况下,这些有价值的知识却没有被很好的利用。旅游目的地的管理竞争力和组织学习可以应用商务智能的方法得到显著地提高。本文在总结国外文献与案例的基础上,提出知识型目的地管理平台的一般框架,并基于此框架,引入商务智能方法,构建了一个基于数据仓库的旅游市场决策支持平台,以期能够服务于旅游目的地的管理者的决策制定与专家学者的相关研究。     

基于微博的西安市居民夜间活动时空分布研究

在我国城市化过程中,由于城市基础设施、公共交通等方面规划建设的需要,对居民活动的研究成为人文地理及城市规划领域所关注的重点。随着"大数据"时代的到来,改变了以往研究居民活动的方式。本文通过新浪微博平台提供的API接口,采用Ajax技术抓取包含时空信息的西安市微博数据,运用Arc GIS10.1中的热度分析工具,以可视化的表达形式揭示出:西安市居民夜间活动在大尺度范围内与城市的区域定位、居民结构及活动时间关系密切。同时,本文采用微博数据来研究居民活动的方法为研究这类问题提供了一种新的尝试。     

Heather moorland in the Scottish Highlands: the history of a cultural landscape, 1600–1880

The heather moorland of the Scottish Highlands represents a highly symbolic habitat for the region. Significantly, recent work by ecologists and palaeobotanists has stressed the strong anthropogenic role in its development. Indeed, so vital is the role played by human interference, heather moorland is now seen as a cultural landscape. Yet despite being seen as a cultural landscape, there has hitherto been no attempt to use available documentary evidence to understand how this human interference may have affected its development over recent centuries. This paper examines such evidence, paying particular attention to how human activity contributed to its expansion over the early modern period and to its decline from ca. 1800 onwards, exploring such themes as moor burning, the harvesting of young tree growth, and grazing levels and practices, both before and after the clearances. Particular attention is paid to how the spread of sheep after the clearances contributed to the decline of heather moor and the role that heavy sheep grazing may have played in the deterioration in the quality of Highlands pastures during the mid-nineteenth century.     

Structured light scanning for high-resolution documentation of in situ archaeological finds

Archaeologists strive to document the process of excavation and discovery as completely as possible. Over the past several decades archaeologists have incorporated a growing number of computerized techniques for documenting archaeological finds. Scanning is one such technique. There are a number of technologies that now allow archaeologists to scan structures, excavation surfaces and in situ artifacts to create high-resolution, 3D data sets. We report here on a trial application of one of these, a structured-light scanner, to create 3D representations of excavated surfaces and associated artifacts at two Middle Paleolithic sites in southwest France. In each instance, surfaces of approximately 2.5 m² were scanned in approximately 1 day. The resulting data sets are very good representations of the originals in terms of colors and spatial details, and as such provided an important piece of archaeological documentation. To use this equipment successfully in the field, however, required solving a number of logistical issues, and the amount of time required to learn to use this equipment was significant. Once these issues are addressed, this technology is appropriate for documenting extraordinary, unique finds where time and costs are offset by the importance of good documentation.     

Land use change in Northeast China in the twentieth century: a note on sources,methods and patterns

Studies of historical change in cultivated land use in Northeast China have become important in the discussion of food supply safety and the reconstruction of land use/cover changes in China. This paper subjects a number of sources relating to land use change in the three provinces of Northeast China to comparative analysis. The data examined include Russian survey data (1914), data from local and regional Chinese governments during the Republic of China (1931), data from the Japanese Society of Manchuria Railway (SMR) for 1940 and various sets of contemporary Chinese data for the second half of the 20th century. A unified method of reconstructing the data and estimating the rate of cultivated land use change in Northeast China during the 20th century is developed here. A relational model is proposed for this purpose. It establishes a general framework for relating the various sets of data generated in different time periods and indicates ways in which the data have to be calibrated to ensure their comparability. The calibration of the data involves correlation and regression analysis. The results of the comparative analysis show that the area of and rate of change in cultivated land use in Northeast China increased until the last decade of the twentieth century. Increase rates were particularly high between 1914–1931 and 1950–1960.     

偏光显微粉末法在秦俑、汉阳陵颜料鉴定中的应用

为探索偏光显微粉末法在颜料鉴定中的应用,利用该方法并辅以显微化学法,对采自秦俑和汉阳陵等地颜料的晶体颗粒的大小、形状、颜色、表面形态、折射率、双折射率和消光性等光学性质分别进行了测定。结果表明,鉴定出秦俑样品中有10种颜料,汉阳陵中有5种颜料,且秦俑的紫色颜料中加入的朱砂与汉阳陵相比颗料较大数量也较多。说明了该方法可鉴别古代无机和有机颜料,并可望用于岩石、陶瓷、锈蚀物等方面的分析。     

小区域研究的信息化:数据架构及模型

区域内人地关系的变化过程研究是一个前沿课题,人与自然相互作用最强烈的地区成为许多重大课题的关注目标。信息化条件下的区域研究要求从空间差异和时间变化这三个维度描述人地关系的相互变化。本文讨论了小区域数据描述要求的载体数据,从载体数据的意义、空间尺度、稳定性要求、可能性要求等方面讨论了运用载体数据的一些需要关注的问题。区域描述的专题数据有许多来源,需要一定的架构方法整合,因此相关的数据标准化处理和定义,以及数据在时间变化上的定义成了架构数据的重要问题。     

Proximity and economic activity: An analysis of vendor‐university transactions

This paper uses transaction‐based data to provide new insights into the link between the geographic proximity of businesses and associated economic activity. It develops two new measures of, and a set of stylized facts about, the distances between observed transactions between customers and vendors for a research intensive sector. Spending on research inputs is more likely with businesses physically closer to universities than those further away. Firms supplying a university project in one year are more likely to subsequently open an establishment near that university. Vendors who have supplied a project, are subsequently more likely to be a vendor on the same or related project.     

Techniques for Integrating Macrobotanical and Microbotanical Datasets: Examples from Pre-Hispanic Northwestern Honduras

What are useful quantitative approaches in situations with highly variable data quantities, contexts, and sampling strategies? How can paleoethnobotanical findings be interpreted without over-representing data or selling results short? Described here are several major issues and potential solutions. The four sites of the study are located northwestern Honduras, a region with fairly hostile environments for paleoethnobotanical preservation. For this reason, several types of botanical residues are combined to provide a more holistic picture of past ethnobotanical practices. In some cases, these data prove to be complementary, while in others, they are corroborative. This article includes tactics for integrating multiple sample protocols, multiple and overlapping diagnostic elements, multiple and overlapping clade categories, multiple and overlapping samples in a single locus, multiple and overlapping formation processes, and multiple and overlapping cultural practices. In each section, the issue, sampling strategies, quantitative approaches, and a few results are described.