Defining and Contesting Environmental Justice: Socio-natures and the Politics of Scale in the Delta

Abstract:  This article examines a contemporary process intended to "identify a strategy for managing the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta as a sustainable ecosystem that would continue to support environmental and economic functions that are critical to the people of California" ( Delta Vision 2008 , http://deltavision.ca.gov/AboutDeltaVision.shtml ). Environmental injustices in the Delta are exacerbated by connected conflicts between knowledge and power, over the scale at which "environmental justice" and the "Delta" are understood through public policy. The rejection of environmental justice and the socio-natural in the Delta Vision process represents how contemporary policy processes are recreating and reenacting the power/knowledge dynamics that have defined the Delta, placed it on a path to ecological collapse and injected high levels of social and racial injustice in its landscape over the past 150 years. Our article combines an ethnographic and a historical geographical approach that contributes to the literature on environmental justice and scale and links with the literature on water governance and power to advance the task of defining environmental justice from the academic and policy perspectives.     

论中国大型古代城市遗址的整体保护

大型古代城市遗址及其环境的整体保护具有重要的战略意义,是国际文化遗产保护领域的一项重要课题,我国的大型古代城市遗址及其背景环境的抢救性保护已成为刻不容缓的紧迫任务。我国在大型古代城市遗址保护方面所做的有益探索,为遗址及其环境的整体保护提供了思路,如树立保护规划先行的理念,实施遗址环境的整体保护,发挥专项保护资金的综合效益,使城市和民众受惠于保护,加强大型古代城市遗址考古工作,探讨遗址保护展示的科学途径,重视遗址博物馆的建设,建设大型古代城市遗址公园等。     

Towards a feminist geopolitics

The intersections and conversations between feminist geography and political geography have been surprisingly few. The notion of a feminist geopolitics remains undeveloped in geography. This paper aims to create a theoretical and practical space in which to articulate a feminist geopolitics. Feminist geopolitics is not an alternative theory of geopolitics, nor the ushering in of a new spatial order, but is an approach to global issues with feminist politics in mind. 'Feminist' in this context refers to analyses and political interventions that address the unequal and often violent relationships among people based on real or perceived differences. Building upon the literature from critical geopolitics, feminist international relations, and transnational feminist studies, I develop a framework for feminist political engagement. The paper interrogates concepts of human security and juxtaposes them with state security, arguing for a more accountable, embodied, and responsive notion of geopolitics. A feminist geopolitics is sought by examining politics at scales other than that of the nation-state; by challenging the public/private divide at a global scale; and by analyzing the politics of mobility for perpetrators of crimes against humanity. As such, feminist geopolitics is a critical approach and a contingent set of political practices operating at scales finer and coarser than the nation-state.     

中国城市规模分布类型及其形成机制研究

本文应用位序-规模模型分析了全国及26个省域单元城市规模分布特征,并将其分为8种分布类型,提出了城市数量、经济规模、工业化水平是推动城市规模分布类型演进的最活跃因素。     

Governing climate change: the politics of risk society?

This paper examines how the politics of climate change have taken shape within Australia through the construction and contestation of concepts of obligation and responsibility. Beck's risk society thesis offers a conceptual starting point from which to address questions concerning the nature of contemporary risk politics, and the paper examines its relevance and applicability in this case. While Beck's theory provides insight into the nature of risk and directs attention to the ways in which notions of obligation and responsibility structure risk politics, it fails to engage with why, and how, particular definitions of risk and responsibility come to dominate the political arena. It is argued that in Australia the novel challenges climate change poses to the institutions of modernity have been negated through ensuing policy responses which have reinforced links between industry and government, and have defined climate responsibilities within existing relations of production and the spatio-temporal frameworks of modernity.     

陕西城市规模效益分析

本文首先通过对国内外目前城市规模效益研究状况进行总结,然后,运用灰色关联分析方法对陕西省十三个城市规模效益分别从经济、社会、环境三方面进行实证研究,最后,结合陕西省目前城市规模等级结构特点,提出了城市规模效益达到最佳的策略。     

区域经济增长的文化产业驱动效应研究——基于省级面板数据的分析

本文采用中国31个省份1996-2013年的面板数据,对中国文化产业与经济发展的内在驱动效应展开研究。研究发现:第一,文化产业投入和产出规模扩张对地区GDP和人均GDP增长具有显著作用,两者间的交互效应会加大其对经济发展的推动力;第二,文化产业有助于带动旅游业和整个第三产业发展,促进地区经济增长;第三,中国文化产业对经济发展的带动效应存在显著的地区差异,西部地区文化产业对经济发展的提升作用最大,中部和东部地区效应相对不足。因此,进一步加大对文化产业发展的政策支持,实现文化产业的合理布局,不仅能够促进整体经济增长,而且可以实现区域平衡发展。     

国内区域贸易、国际贸易与国家竞争力

大国国内区域贸易与国际贸易关系主要表现在两个方面:一是国内区域贸易与国际贸易存在一定程度上的相互替代的关系;二是国内区域贸易与国际贸易存在相互促进的关系,发展国内区域贸易能提升大国在国际经济中的竞争力。     

Grain‐scale permeabilities of faceted polycrystalline aggregates

Porous synthetic quartzites and amphibolites, each with faceted pore walls, were synthesized and evaluated to examine the permeability of pore networks similar to those of the lower crust and mantle. Quartzite with a fluid in equilibrium with an Mg–clinopyroxene contained connected networks of pores with a dihedral angle of 30° bounded by walls that were 10–50% faceted. The relationship of their permeability (k) to porosity (φ) is approximated by the previously determined relationship for relatively nonfaceted synthetic quartzite Amphibolite with an HF fluid contained fluorotremolite and a connected network of pores bounded by walls exhibiting 78–90% faceting. These materials showed much lower k for a given φ, with an apparent permeability threshold at φ_c = 0.04. A curve fit to these data yields The results suggest that moderate faceting has little effect on the transmission of fluids through rocks, but extensive faceting significantly alters permeability. This difference is most likely produced through isolation of the fluid to the grain corners at low φ with extensive faceting. Rocks with pores that tend toward faceting may impede the flow of fluids and melt.     

河北省入境旅游规模差异及影响因素分析

以河北省2008-2013年入境旅游数据为基础,运用标准差、变异系数、基尼系数和首位度等指标测度河北省入境旅游规模差异,运用位序-规模法则洛特卡一般模式分析河北省入境旅游位序规模分布规律,运用相关系数法、多元线性回归法探索影响河北省入境旅游区域差异的因素。发现:1河北省入境旅游规模绝对差异先增大后减小,而相对差异在波动中下降,规模差异呈缩小趋势。2基尼系数、首位度表明河北省入境旅游呈集中分布,位序-规模分析表明河北省入境旅游规模呈首位型分布,但洛特卡模式集中指数q从2008年1.73到2013年1.53,表明入境旅游差距在逐渐缩小。3以入境旅游规模和地域邻近特征为基础可以将河北省入境旅游划分为冀东北、冀西北和冀东南三大旅游区。4影响河北省入境旅游区域差异的主要因素是旅游资源丰度和区位条件。