“理想的家就是普通的家”——上海流动儿童地方感的实证分析

流动儿童正在成为一个重要的研究主题和现实话题,但对其地方感学界缺乏关注。本文以上海市主要服务流动儿童的X社区儿童服务中心为例,综合运用感知地图、深度访谈和参与式观察等质性研究方法,探究流动儿童地方感的特征与形成机制。流动儿童地方感存在社区与上海、市区与郊区和对地方的态度三个维度的差异;流动儿童对家的认知包括认同、迷失和流动三种,流动儿童地方感是基于亲人、朋友和其他社会网络所建立的,涉及多地方的,不断发展变化的积极地方感;流动儿童地方感的形成受到社会环境和自然环境的共同影响,受政府权力影响的X中心、家庭和学校,以及智能设备和自然环境是五个直接影响流动儿童地方感的因素,流动儿童的主观能动性也会重塑其地方感。从地理视角研究流动儿童具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。     

Industrial Warriors: South Korea’s First Generation of Industrial Workers in Post-Developmental Korea

This study analyses the skills upgrading programmes of South Korea’s first generation of skilled workers, focusing on their political and social trajectories from bulwarks of the developmental regimes up until 1987, to a “labour aristocracy” of regular workers employed mainly in large companies in heavy industries in South Korea. The term “labour aristocracy” highlights how the “regular workers”, employed mostly in monopolistic large enterprises in heavy industries, have better wages, job security and other social benefits than “non-regular workers” and other regular workers employed in small and medium companies. It argues that these “Industrial Warriors” were the product of the Korean developmental state’s creation of an egalitarian social contract, and that the political and social trajectories since then must be seen in its totality. This is necessary because it manifests the profound change in Korea’s political economy from state-grassroots synergistic developmentalism to neoliberal industrial capitalism, wherein having a regular job has become a substantial asset in an era of non-regular employment. This study contributes to the literature on the political economy and to sociological discussion of the Korean developmental state that continues to this day and is far from over.     

SALINIZATION IN UZBEKISTAN

As the amount of agricultural lands has increased over the years in Uzbekistan, problems associated with the impacts of irrigation water use have occurred. The most serious and widespread of the effects may be the secondary salinization of soils. Serious salinization problems along the lower courses of the Syr Dar'ya and Amu Dar'ya basins are a contrast to milder problems along their upper courses. This paper illustrates the extent of the soil salinization problem in Uzbekistan, identifies key problem areas, and demonstrates the need for an adequate response.     

基于城市社会地理学视角的农民工城镇化研究

农民工深度城镇化成为我国城市化发展、经济增长转型、社会稳定和可持续发展的重大课题。在总结、梳理国内外农民工城乡迁移与城镇化研究成果的基础上,认为在我国城市化转型发展背景下,基于城市社会地理学视角,以农民工城镇化进程中的个体微观行为特征研究为基础,研究农民工在区域认知、城镇化意愿与行为特征、城镇化格局与过程规律,建立农民工城镇化空间模型,可以揭示农民工个体微观行为下的城镇化进程与区域城镇体系规划的耦合关系;从城市生活空间与社会空间特征评价不同空间与行为模式下的农民工城镇化效率,可以提出效率导向下的农民工城镇化的空间结构与引导规划;基于空间公正理念,从城市公共产品与服务政策、资源可获性的城市社区规划等方面的创新,可以促进农民工公平、公正、有序、有尊严的城镇化进程。     

Determinants of postdisplacement reemployment outcomes and occupation changes

We investigate the roles played by agglomeration (proxied by population density) and occupational distribution on postdisplacement employment outcomes for US workers, focusing on the probability of being employed, the likelihood of changing occupations, and the occupational distance between the old and new occupations (where occupational distance is defined as the difference in job tasks between two occupations). Overall, we find that the local occupational distribution has a greater impact on our outcome variables compared with our agglomeration measure. Our findings suggest policy makers should look closely at occupational distribution when designing job training programs and proposals for relocation vouchers.     

民国北京政府时期劳动灾害赔偿制度探析

民国北京政府时期,劳动灾害频繁发生,政府开始通过劳工立法规范雇主在灾害赔偿方面的责任。灾害赔偿立法由各行业政府主管部门起草并出台。制度属于现代劳动灾害赔偿制度中的雇主责任制模式。它覆盖工业、矿业、交通业等现代工人。与此时的国际劳工组织相关标准进行比较,中国制度的赔偿项目齐全,伤病医疗费和伤病期间工资等赔偿标准较高,残废抚恤金和遗族抚恤金则不及。制度虽然实施效果不佳,但这是劳动灾害赔偿首次进入立法,对后来政府的立法有借鉴意义。     

论1950年代高等学校“向工农开门”的方针

新中国成立后中国共产党在教育领域提出的"向工农开门"方针,主要是高等学校"向工农开门"。中国共产党主要采取了两项强力措施——创办中国人民大学和普遍举办工农速成中学贯彻实施这一方针。1955年后,这一方针一度改变为强调培养工农知识分子以业余教育为主。1957年反右派斗争后,中国共产党又重新强调高等学校"向工农开门"。这一方针对于培养新中国第一代新型工农知识分子发挥了积极作用,但也存在着教育质量难以得到保证、不公平、对知识分子不信任、教条主义色彩浓厚等消极因素。     

美国华人社会的阶级研究——以个人访谈为主的分析

针对美国华人研究领域里阶级或阶级关系这个概念几乎被忽略的现象,阐述了阶级观念在华人社会中的发展及表现形式;分析了移民社会中美国华人的阶级和阶级观念的特点、阶级在华人社会中的重要性与华人社会本身的多元化的关系以及华人社会中非法移民的生存状态和阶级地位。得出结论,第二次世界大战以后,随着美国华裔社会的逐步多元化,华人的阶级观念不仅没有减弱,反而有增强的趋势,他们对于阶级的认识也表现得更为复杂化。除财富之外,美国华人对于阶级的认同还取决于家庭出身、移民背景、同化程度以及法律身份等多种因素。     

CIRCULAR MIGRATION AND LIFE COURSE OF FEMALE DOMESTIC WORKERS IN BEIJING

This study examines the migration experiences of 24 female domestic workers in Beijing through in-depth interviews. Most of these women were involved in a circular pattern of movement between their home villages and cities. The pattern of reverse and circular migration was closely related to the life-course transitions of Chinese rural women and their socially-assigned gender roles such as marriage, childbirth, childrearing and caregiving for family members. For individual domestic workers, working in Beijing is a bittersweet experience. The women were subjected to unfavourable work conditions and pervasive forms of exploitation. Nevertheless, they benefited from the experience through increased access to income, knowledge and other resources unavailable in rural areas. Although these women challenged, through migration, the traditional social roles imposed on Chinese rural women, their own limitations and institutional barriers left them with few options for improving their social statuses in cities.     

Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on China's Migrant Workers: A Survey of 2,700 in 2009

An Australian geographer examines the effects of the global financial crisis on China's migrant workers, based on a recent survey of over 2,700 such workers conducted during January-February 2009. The author focuses on the number of migrant workers returning to their home villages for the annual New Year holiday period, the types of workers that were laid off, options available to such workers upon losing employment, and the reasons underlying their subsequent moves. Implications of the findings for labor policy in China are briefly outlined and several directions for future research identified. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E240, G010, J610, J690. 7 tables, 68 references.