祥云地区出土铜器pXRF成分分析——昆明夷铜器工艺类型初探

为探究滇西地区青铜文化及相关铜器的制作技术,本研究使用便携式X射线荧光光谱(p XRF)对滇西祥云县大波那墓地、检村石棺墓和红土坡古墓群出土357件铜器进行了成分分析。结果表明,p XRF可在无损、原位的情况下,基本做到铜器合金成分的定量分析。铜器材质均以红铜和锡青铜为主,铅锡青铜和砷铜居少量。三处墓地铜器Sn、Pb配比模式高度一致。铜矛、铜剑等兵器中出现少量高锡青铜。这些现象反映出祥云地区各时期铜器的制作工艺高度一致,可称之为昆明夷铜器工艺类型。大波那墓地铜器基本不含铁,其余墓地存在较多高铁铜器,大波那地区的先民应该采用了不同的冶炼技术。砷铜全部出自红土坡古墓群,初步推测晚期墓葬出现的砷铜乃至砷铜工艺很可能是沿着"半月形文化传播带"由西北地区传入祥云地区的。     

Testing Area‐Scale Fractal Complexity (Asfc) and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) to Document and Discriminate Microwear on Experimental Quartzite Scrapers

Few microwear studies have been conducted on tools made from quartzite. Most rely on visual observation of microwear features using optical light microscopes and scanning electron microscopes. Quantification of microwear on quartzite tools is extremely rare, even though numerous methods to mathematically document surface roughness have been applied to other silicate tools. In this paper, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to document surface roughness on four experimental scrapers made from two different subtypes of Mistassini quartzite that were used on either fresh or dry deer hide. Surface roughness data were analysed using area‐scale fractal complexity (Asfc). The results of this test case indicate that Asfc can effectively discriminate between the unused and used regions on the quartzite tools based on surface roughness, and that it can also discriminate between surface roughness produced by working dry versus fresh hides. Differences in the subtypes of Mistassini quartzite did affect surface roughness, but not significantly enough to prevent discrimination of the dry and fresh hide‐working tools. Although the use of the Asfc parameter for lithic microwear analysis requires further testing, these first results suggest it could be a reliable technique to mathematically document and discriminate wear patterns on archaeological quartzite tools.     

The Formative Period on the south coast of Peru: A critical review

Previous and current fieldwork has generated a significant body of data on the occupation of the south coast of Peru during the Formative Period (ca. 3800-2200 B.P.). These data are placed in a synthetic framework and evaluated and compared to the trajectory of cultural development in the better studied regions of the Central Andes. Critical review of this panorama necessitates consideration of the relative chronological framework and definition of the Formative Period, the parameters and validity of the south coast as a culture area, contacts south coast societies sustained with other Central Andean regions, and the role of monumental architecture in the rise of complex society.     

基于光谱成像的彩绘文物新应用与新方法

目前基于光谱成像的彩绘文物分析主要集中在颜料分析、信息增强、隐含信息挖掘等方面,分析方法主要采用遥感图像处理软件。针对文物数据专门分析方法研究尚显不足的问题,提出基于光谱成像的彩绘文物新应用与新方法。主要包括基于最小噪声分离(MNF)变换感知修复区域的新应用,利用感兴趣区域分析与融合挖掘彩绘文物隐含信息以及基于稀疏非负矩阵欠近似彩绘文物线稿提取的新方法。通过在唐墓壁画、彩绘泥塑以及手绘绢画上的实验,发现光谱成像可以有效感知修复区域,提出的新方法可以有效挖掘隐含信息以及提取线稿,对基于光谱成像的彩绘文物分析研究具有重要意义。     

苏州阊西地区城市景观的形成与发展

苏州城西北门阊门以西一带自然风光优美,自古以来即是达官贵人的游冶迎送之地,至明代,则逐步形成显著的城市景观。阊西地区城市化的空间过程,是以阊门附近为核心,沿水道呈放射形带状发展的。本文考察自先秦吴国建都至明清时期阊西一带城市景观的形成和发展,重点探讨明清时期阊西地区城市化发展过程中城市职能分工所带来的景观差异。     

巩固思想阵地 夯实执政基石——关于青海省藏区县级党校建设的调研与思考

县级党校事关基层政权稳固和当地经济社会发展的大局,青海藏区县级党校是党进行思想政治教育的阵地,更是党的执政地位的重要政治屏障,加强青海藏区县级党校建设有其必要性和紧迫性。本文从教师队伍、培训轮训、科研工作、办学条件、经费收支等方面分析青海藏区县级党校建设的现状及其存在的问题、面临的困境与挑战,指出青海藏区县级党校总体状况不容乐观,亟待加强。在此基础上,从强化领导、加强教师队伍建设、加大投入改善办学条件、完善功能、发挥咨询作用、扩大培训内容与规模等方面,就如何加强青海藏区县级党校建设提出具体的对策建议。     

由楚文化遗存的分布特点看早期楚文化的中心区域

本文从发掘及调查材料入手,以遗址为研究对象,对湖北省与楚文化相关的遗存的分布特点进行分析,重点着眼于与文献记载中的早期楚丹阳地望相关的沮漳河及江汉平原区、汉水中上游山地区、峡江地区及近来学界讨论较热烈的襄宜平原及随枣走廊区。通过对这四个区域西周至东周时期的遗址的分布特点的比较,运用"中心位置理论"观点加以分析,并结合文献考证,从而推断出不同时期的楚文化中心区。     

试论民国时期云南边疆的殖边督办

“殖边督办”作为一级行政机构,是中国近代政治制度史上一个不大却又不能缺少的组成部分,也是研究近代云南地方史、云南民族政治制度史不可忽视的一个问题。本文从民国初年云南地方行政制度的变化及边政建设的推行、殖边督办公署的建立、组织机构、治边措施及其历史作用等四个方面对这一问题进行了论述。认为该行政机构在捍卫国家主权、保卫国土、巩固和开发边疆等方面发挥了积极的作用。并为云南边疆“改土归流”的最终完成奠定了物质和文化基础,推动了边疆与内地政治体制一体化的进程。     

The Challenge of Change: Australian Cities and Urban Planning in the New Millennium

This paper reviews recent research on the changing spatial structure of Australia's major cities from the early 1990s, concentrating on (a) the location of employment and journey to work patterns, (b) the changing nature of housing, and (c) patterns of residential differentiation and disadvantage. The paper argues that the 1990s was a watershed decade during which some taken‐for‐granted aspects of Australian urban character experienced significant change. It then examines the latest generation of strategic planning documents for these major metropolitan areas, all published between 2002 and 2005, and argues that there is a mismatch between the strategies’ consensus view of desirable future urban structure, based on containment, consolidation and centres, and the complex realities of the evolving urban structures. In particular, the current metropolitan strategies do not come to terms with the dispersed, suburbanised nature of much economic activity and employment and the environmental and social issues that flow from that, and they are unconvincing in their approaches to the emerging issues of housing affordability and new, finer‐grained patterns of suburban inequality and disadvantage. Overall, the paper contends that current metropolitan planning strategies suggest an inflexible, over‐neat vision for the future that is at odds with the picture of increasing geographical complexity that emerges from recent research on the changing internal structure of our major cities.