甲骨卜辞所见之巫者的医疗活动

古代巫医不分,由于人类将疾病致因视为鬼魂作用,故以巫者充当人鬼间的中介,寄希望于巫术行医、安抚死神从而达到消除疾病的目的。正因基于此观念,医与巫、医疗与巫术、药物心理与巫术心理取得了自然的结合,求药及求巫两者皆统一于医疗活动之中。商代的医疗知识仍然处于中国医学的萌芽状态,具有迷信性质,常与巫教信仰交织在一起。即使如此,此时的巫医也开拓壮大了医学的先河。除利用药材之外。商人亦知运用针刺方法以治病,此种针砭医疗器具,在各地遗址时有发现。在医疗方面的巫术的具体活动,则主要包括二种:一为医疗巫术,二为逐疫除凶。     

哈佛-燕京图书馆藏“胡汉民往来函电稿”所用人物代号解读

哈佛-燕京图书馆藏“胡汉民往来函电稿”显示,胡汉民晚年与友人的通信中大量地以代号来指称人物。解读这些代号是利用这批珍贵资料的前提,本将其中一些重要人物的代号列举出来,并从政治化的角度分析胡汉民等大量运用人物代号的原因。     

基于可达性的县域医疗服务均等化分析——以湖北省松滋市为例

中国县域城乡和不同乡镇之间的发展存在较大差异,在卫生领域表现尤为突出。在偏远农区,医疗资源短缺、卫生服务落后和健康保障缺位现象普遍存在。本文以湖北省松滋市为研究区域,以包括行政村和居委会的聚落点为基本研究单元,将可达性分析与聚类分析相结合,评估并表达不同区域医疗服务均等化水平并探讨相关公共政策。结果表明:(1)在县域尺度,医疗服务均等化水平空间差异明显,呈现出中心城区向周边递减的情况;(2)医疗服务均等化水平与经济发展水平分布格局上存在空间同型特征;(3)聚落中心、交通沿线可达性较高,而交通的改善会显著降低空间阻抗系数,促进均等化进程。     

Russian Physicians in Harbin (1920-32)

This study analyzes medical practitioners’ adaptation to a dynamic cultural and political scene and examines the impact of medical refugees on a local community. In the early 1920s, there was an influential Russian medical community in Harbin that established medical societies and medical schools. The organization of medical societies was a part of the active formation of a professional community and represented a thoughtful measure for countering the control of Chinese officials. The high degree of cooperation between Russian and Chinese medical personnel in the medical-sanitary department of the Chinese Eastern Railway and in Harbin municipal medical facilities was a part of Harbin physicians’ activities.     

旅游目的地形象的测量与分析——以南京在华东区域内的比较性研究为例

旅游目的地形象对旅游者的目的地决策具有重要影响,因而关于其实际测量和分析的研究成为国内外旅游研究的重点内容之一。我国该领域研究虽然在开展市场调查和定量统计分析方面已取得长足进展,但仍存在研究视角和方法过于单一的突出局限。因此,本文将着眼点放在旅游者需求和区域内竞争对手这两个经常被忽视的要素上,将它们纳入研究设计之中,以南京为案例目的地,通过综合运用重要性-表现分析法(IPA)和对应分析法(CA)系统阐释了如何从这两个角度来测量和分析目的地形象的基本路径。研究识别了南京当前形象在满足旅游者需求上的优、劣势以及其独特的差异化优势属性,对其形象管理的资源配置和竞争性形象定位战略的开发具有重要启示。     

A geographic assessment of 'total' health care supply in Ontario: complementary and alternative medicine and conventional medicine

Shortages of family physicians, specialists and other personnel working within the realm of conventional medicine (CM) concern citizens in many regions and municipalities in Canada. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches (such as chiropractic, holistic, homeopathic, naturopathic, massage and acupuncture) are increasingly used in conjunction with, or in some cases as replacements for, conventional medicine. Thus, to get an idea of 'total' health care supply in a jurisdiction and to draw comparisons between locations, it is useful to understand the spatial tendencies of both CM and CAM offices. With the use of a sample that contains the location, employment and sales of 4,955 CAM and 8,709 CM offices, this study details the spatial patterns of health care supply in the Canadian province of Ontario. The analysis comprises three main parts. First, the geographic tendencies of CAM and CM office activity are revealed in per capita terms and while regional differences are detectable, the main contrast is that CAM displays a much more even distribution across the urban-rural continuum in comparison to CM. Second, through the use of location quotients and a local spatial autocorrelation analysis, it is shown that certain municipalities (especially in Ontario's southwest and south-central regions) specialize in CAM and the most outstanding spatial feature is an '81 municipality CAM cluster' that represents arguably the pinnacle of CAM activity in the province. CM specialization is rarer and is biased towards the more populated municipalities. Third, a Spearman's correlation analysis suggests that CAM and CM health care supply are associated with community well-being indictors and urban density measures.     

“疗灵”与“疗身”:近代加拿大传教士在卫辉的借医传教

1889年至1947年间,加拿大基督教新教长老宗在卫辉一带借医传教。根据不同时期政局、民情状况及传教士自身特点,他们先后经历了用药品"裹挟"其福音的谨慎发展阶段,边行医边传教、"疗灵"与"疗身"互为手段、互为目的、交叉渗透的"黄金"发展阶段,以及行医与传教貌离神合的深入推进阶段。"疗灵"与"疗身"始终既存冲突又相互渗透。     

Modified innovation diffusion — A way to explain the diffusion of cholera in Linköping in 1866? A study in methods

This article seeks to simulate diffusions of cholera from different water sources in the town of Linköping in 1866. The innovation diffusion theory, developed by Hägerstrand, has been used and modified. The article also investigates if it is possible to ascertain which water sources were contaminated during the cholera epidemic of 1866. The modifications of the theory of innovation diffusion resulted in a simulation model, which took into consideration the distribution of the population and barriers. The model corresponded with reality both in graphic and cartographic comparisons. With the help of the model, three water sources were identified as having been the probable cholera spreaders.     

Between human capital and human worth

This study concerns the history of Swedish public everyday discourse about knowledge and its benefits for the individual, c. 1920–1974. We examine the value(s) ascribed to knowledge – in economic and/or idealistic terms – using private correspondence institutes as our point of departure. These were immensely popular, yet have hitherto been overlooked by historians. First, we argue that commercially driven correspondence education, which was a mass phenomenon in early and mid-20^th-century Sweden, blurred the demarcation lines between general and vocational education, and more importantly between formal and so-called popular education (folkbildning). Second, we examine how knowledge and education were promoted and justified in the widely circulated advertisements for Hermods Korrespondensinstitut, the largest of the Swedish correspondence schools. By analysing and contextualizing advertisements over six decades, we find a strong dominance of individualistic economic valuations from the beginning, a successive increase in idealistic valuations over the decades, and an increasing amalgamation of idealistic and economic justifications for knowledge. We argue that the extensive scale of Hermods’ and similar institutes’ educational activities offers an important key for understanding the social context in which the overall marketization and capitalization of knowledge in the latest decades was able to take root.     

微量物证技术在医用螺钉质量问题鉴定中的应用

医用螺钉在手术中得到大量的使用的同时,因其质量事故频发,患者对质量鉴定要求越来越迫切。我们借助光学显微分析、电子显微分析技术、X射线荧光能谱分析等微量物证分析技术。从微观角度对螺钉断裂原因进行了质量鉴定.