晚清政府对待教会医疗事业的态度和政策

教会医疗事业是基督教在华传教事业中的特殊部分,它与晚清政府有着特殊的关系。清政府对待它的态度和政策几经变化、在禁教政策下,清歧府对教会医疗事业采取了容忍的态度和政策。两次鸦片战争之际,清政府在不平等条约的压制下被迫接受教会医疗事业,但是仍想加以抗拒。第二次鸦片战争后,条约制度得以建立;与此同时,清政府对外来化的态度发生变化。此后,清政府对教会医疗事业的态度和政策虽有变化．但基本上持保护、支持和利用的态度和政策．并在一些方面体现了特殊性。     

西宁市农村新型合作医疗制度中的政府职能定位

农村新型合作医疗制度,是由政府组织、引导和支持农民自愿参加,由个人、集体和政府多方筹资并以大病统筹为主的农民医疗互助共济制度。为了更加有效地解决农民“看病难、看病贵”问题,西宁市政府应积极履行社会管理和公共服务职能,切实建立农村新型合作医疗科学高效的筹资机制、运行机制、监督机制和规范机制。     

西夏医药用具考

从出土文献和文物来看,西夏时期的医药用具有度量衡器、制药器、贮盛器、服药器和治疗器五类,这些器具根据其使用特点由不同的材质制作而成。从现有的文献来看,西夏的医药用具较为简单,有很多是由其他器物兼用。西夏对医疗器具的使用虽多与宋同,但从品质、数量、种类来看,其与中原地域相比仍有较大差距,在一定程度上反映了西夏医学水平相对落后的实际状况。     

基于GIS的农村医疗设施空间可达性分析——以河南省兰考县为例

针对农村医疗设施空间分布的公平性问题,提出了使用GIS技术和空间可达性指标评估医疗设施的区域分布特征。以兰考县乡级以上卫生院为例,建立人口分布、医疗设施位置、行政区域等地理数据库,选择人均医疗资源分配、就医的最近距离、选择医院的机会、重力模型及改进的重力模型5个空间可达性模型,计算了各乡镇、各行政村的医疗设施可达性指标,并制作了相应的专题地图;在此基础上对医疗设施的空间布局进行了分析。空间可达性指标全面地反映医疗设施的空间分布特征,鉴别出资源分配较薄弱的区位,是农村医疗改革中设施规划和资源分配的重要依据。     

A FAREWELL TO ‘RURAL BLISS’

The article discusses health policies towards school children in Norway from 1900 until the Second World War. It is concerned with dominant definitions of health threats against children and the variables used in defining the groups conceived as most vulnerable to poor health. A distinct change took place in the period. Whereas in the early 1900s poor and working‐class children in urban surroundings were considered to be under severe threats, in the 1920s a less specific category of ‘children’ were conceived as threatened. Eventually rural children were singled out as the important target group for health measures. The shifts had medical as well as political motivations. Another prominent feature in the period was that poverty took on a new meaning in the dominant medical discourse on children: from having been conceived as a material reality impinging upon health, it came to be considered mainly a cultural problem. Especially medical officers within the social democratic camp contested this argument although they did not rule out education and cultural transformation as a means to promote children's health. Despite the conceptual shift, however, social benefits and equal access to health services – measures that lay at the heart of the post‐war welfare state – remained in the 1930s an essential part of promoting children's health.     

中国古代“飞蝗避境”现象记载与史家观念演变

"飞蝗避境"是始出于西汉末年史料记载中的一种特殊现象,关于其出现原因历来学界多有争论。笔者通过梳理自汉代后记载关于此现象的史料并分析发现,关于"飞蝗避境"现象记载的产生及发展是在基于一定客观现实状况下,史家观念受到汉代天人感应思想及谶纬学说的影响,而将此现象有意识的与良吏、德政相联系,最后发展成为史家记载良吏和贤德人物的固定书写模式。这一过程起于西汉末年,东汉迅速发展,至魏晋之际逐渐发展完善,转变为与"猛虎渡河""鸟雀集庐"等并存的史家书写模式。中唐以后,随着科学技术的发展及天命史观向天理史观的转变,"飞蝗避境"这一书写模式逐渐淡出了人们的视线。     

Preserving collective and individual memories: the Contemporary China Social Life Data and Research Center at Fudan University

This essay introduces the Contemporary China Social Life Data and Research Center at Fudan’s School of Social Development and Public Policy and the data the archive has collected. This archive contains data on Lianmin Village in northern Zhejiang Province that provide exceptionally detailed information on economic, political, social, and cultural changes during the period from 1949 to 2000 in China. The archive also collects information on life at the grassroots level, mostly from Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Shanghai, including documents from local government offices and work units. Among the documents collected at the archive, the meeting minutes are especially noteworthy. The archive’s unique collection of private correspondence, personal diaries, and work logs is also enormously valuable to our understanding of contemporary Chinese society.     

Becoming (more) Dutch as medical recommendations: how understandings of national identity enter the medical practice of hymenoplasty consultations

This article looks at how Dutch national identity enters the practical setting of a medical consultation. Extending the growing scholarships of everyday nationalism and engaging with the notion of multivocalism, this article shows how Dutchness is understood in the form of desirable personal characteristics. These characteristics are promoted by physicians to patients of migrant ancestry looking for a surgery called hymenoplasty. This article presents unique scholarly observations of a case where a particular understanding of national identity is recommended as part of medical advice. Furthermore, by closely examining exchanges between doctors and patients, this article argues that Dutchness is in a state of flux where a person of migrant ancestry can simultaneously be seen by others as Dutch and non‐Dutch.