居民消费行为与城市生活空间行为规律研究

进入消费社会以后,社会经济的发展促使居民生活行为发生了很大的变化。消费作为居民日常生活的一部分,在社会空间秩序中起着越来越重要的作用。文章以"人本主义"地理学为出发点,应用数理统计和随机过程理论,结合影响居民消费行为的因素对居民消费行为的演进过程进行分析,来探讨城市居民消费行为与日常生活空间行为的关系,并总结出相应的居民消费生活空间行为规律。     

农村劳动力就业空间行为研究——以江苏、山东、安徽三个样本村为例

中国农村劳动力就业行为的特殊性与复杂性引起国内外学者的广泛关注。农村劳动力流动特征、流动原因、产生的影响等是目前研究的传统思路。从行为地理学视角,以就业感知行为、就业决策行为、就业行为、就业体验行为为基本内容,建立了农村劳动力就业空间行为研究的分析框架。以江苏、山东、安徽的三个样本村为典型案例地,通过实地调研、问卷访谈和统计分析后,认为现阶段中国农村劳动力就业空间行为类型主要有本地农业就业型、本地非农就业型、外地流动就业型三种类型,分析了各就业类型的空间行为特征:农村劳动力在就业前对预期就业的环境感知都不强,感知强度与距离和生活环境关联密切;经济因素是影响农村劳动力就业的主要因素,但对不同空间类型劳动力的影响程度不同;我国农村劳动力就业普遍存在兼业现象,且从事的行业、部门也在不断变化;农村劳动力就业满意度以本地非农就业型为最高,其它两类满意度都较低。     

人类空间选择行为与环境关系个案研究——以清代陕南秦巴山地为例

本文运用经济社会学界提出的"有限理性人"理论,从文化、风俗、政策等方面,分析了清代陕南流民在空间选择、垦殖活动以及环境变迁条件下,流民行为的基本取向。结果表明,人类空间选择行为遵循风俗相近原则,而不是地理环境最优原则。追求单位时间上效果最大化是流民行为选择的普遍趋势。在此基础上,考察了清代陕南山地与平原、河流上游与下游流民不同行为之间的关联与互动,对备受非议的流民刀耕火种与清代陕南环境变化之间的关系给予重新认识。     

‘In the best interests of the child’: juggling the geography of children's gardens (between adult agendas and children's needs)

This review paper presents literature, particularly in children's geographies, in support of the proposition that the rationales for the current children's garden movement flourishing particularly in the United States, albeit well-intentioned, continue to be dominated by adult discourses acting ‘in the best interests of the child’. The paper concludes that broadening the debate on ‘children and gardens’ through inclusion of research that focuses on children's competence and empowerment offers a different perspective of what children might want from these spaces. This highlights new directions for research on children's gardens which would focus this garden typology more on children's needs than adult agendas, and therefore contribute positively to development of these gardens as sustainable environments for children's learning and enjoyment of nature.     

广州市居民环城游憩行为特征研究

本文采用问卷调查的方式,从自然属性、经济属性和文化属性三个方面分析了广州市居民出行目的,并依据第一手资料,从游憩类型、游憩设施两个方面揭示了广州市居民的游憩行为特征。针对广州市目前游憩业在游憩设施、交通、游憩线路、服务质量、观念、政策导向、思维模式等方面存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策,这对于开发广州城市旅游资源、加强城市游憩设施管理与建设、搞好城市规划及构建和谐广州等方面有着重大的理论和实践意义。     

旅游感知价值和满意度与行为意向的关系

旅游感知价值、满意度测量维度及其与行为意向之间作用路径关系研究,对旅游地产品开发与营销管理有重要的指导意义。学者对旅游感知价值、满意度及其测度内容界定差异比较大,需要进一步厘清。利用文献方法梳理旅游感知价值与满意度概念及其测量维度,剥离感知价值多维测度内容,分析其与满意度间存在的重复测量部分。在探讨测度视角的基础上,界定了旅游地核心产品属性、旅游感知价值及满意度测量维度。以无锡灵山景区为例,在问卷调研获取国内游客行为数据的基础上,利用结构方程模型验证旅游感知价值、满意度的属性构念及其影响路径,指出感知价值分别是满意度和行为意向的前因变量,但满意度不是行为意向的前因变量。     

我国西部地区大学生旅游行为研究——以陕西省为例

大学生是我国旅游市场的一支重要力量。根据2006年4-6月对陕西省七所高校学生旅游行为的问卷调查,对大学生旅游偏好、旅游消费水平、旅游组织方式、旅游空间行为及旅游服务与价格评价进行分析研究。结果表明:大学生普遍喜欢旅游,对自然类风景区更热衷,旅游动机以观光游览、度假休闲为主,旅游时间上表现出较强的集中性,暑假是大学生旅游最集中的时段;陕西大学生平均旅游花费为394元,80%的大学生旅游花费和月均生活总支出在500元以内,旅游花费约占大学生各种生活支出的15%;旅游组织方式呈现出与同学朋友结伴出游为主的小群体出游特征;中短距离的省内旅游是主体,80%的旅游活动在800公里范围以内,较吴曲线略远;大学生对旅游服务质量基本满意,但旅游服务价格相对较贵。     

Seniors’ Long-Term Care in Canada: A Continuum of Soft to Brutal Privatisation

We situate the contemporary crisis of COVID-19 deaths in seniors’ care facilities within the restructuring and privatisation of this sector. Through an ethnographic comparison in a for-profit and nonprofit facility, we explore what we identify as brutal and soft modes of privatisation within publicly subsidised long-term seniors’ care in Vancouver, British Columbia, and their influence on the material and relational conditions of work and care. Workers in both places are explicit that they deliver only bare-bones care to seniors with increasingly complex care needs, and we document the distinct forms and extent to which these precarious workers give gifts of their time, labour and other resources to compensate for the gaps in care that result from state withdrawal and the extraction of profits within the sector. We nonetheless locate more humane and hopeful processes in the nonprofit facility, where a history of cooperative relations between workers, management and families suggest the possibility of re-valuing the essential work of care.     

Mobility, competition, and Plio-Pleistocene hominid foraging groups

Evidence for carcass access times and levels of early hominid mobility is synthesized using studies of carnivore ethology and theories of interspecific competition to arrive at tentative conclusions about the organization of Plio-Pleistocene hominid foraging groups. The model presented suggests that group foraging tactics, in combination with high mobility, are central to successful confrontational scavenging (interference competition), whereas individual foraging tactics and high mobility are central to successful nonconfrontational scavenging (exploitative competition). In contrast, group or individual foraging tactics and low mobility characterize the acquisition of fresh carcasses in low-competition contexts. Individual foraging tactics and low mobility are employed in response to extreme competition over marginal resources. Preliminary tests with data from Bed I Olduvai Gorge and Koobi Fora suggest that Plio-Pleistocene hominids, like other large-bodied predators, employed flexible foraging tactics involving changes in group size and levels of mobility to gain access to carcasses in both low-and high-competition contexts.     

国外博彩旅游研究:进展、脉络和展望

近几十年来,国际旅游学者针对博彩旅游开展研究,研究范围涉及消费者行为、影响和政策等主题,得到许多有益的发现;然而,国内研究对该领域的关注则较少.本文在梳理国外博彩旅游文献的基础上,按照主题对文献内容进行分析总结,研究发现:(1) 博彩行为和博彩影响研究最受重视,研究方法以定量为主,研究理论涉及社会学、管理学和经济学等多学科;(2) 博彩行为研究中,不同类型博彩者行为研究和中国博彩者行为研究备受关注;(3) 博彩影响研究中,关键变量的识别、关键模型的构建对于未来进一步深化研究有重要作用.