老旧住区居民地震紧急避难空间选择与行为特征分析

避难行为活动的高效开展是避难空间产生并进行合理布局的根本动因。居民自主的避难行为具有有限理性的属性,其特征是避难空间布局的重要依据。老城区的避难资源缺乏是各地的共性问题,在避难场所规划布局的工程实践和相关研究中,缺少对避难行为和空间的相关性的研究。本文以南京老旧住区为例,系统研究了居民选择紧急避难地点的空间特征和行为特征,并从心理学的角度解释了典型避难行为的产生原因;最后,基于对避难行为选择统计分析的结果,提出了未来避难场所规划中应注意的关键原则,研究结论可作为避难场所布局的重要依据。     

Network Location and Policy‐Oriented Behavior: An Analysis of Two‐Mode Networks of Coauthored Documents Concerning Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region*,†

This study explores how a scientist's location in science‐based policy networks can affect her policy‐oriented behaviors. In particular, we hypothesize that those scientists who fill structural holes in their networks will be more likely than others to engage in policy‐oriented behaviors. The network data are defined by scientists' coauthorship on policy documents regarding climate change in the Great Lakes. We employ a two‐mode network analysis to identify clusters of scientists who coauthored similar documents, and relative to those clusters, we identify those who fill structural holes by bridging between clusters. We find that those scientists who bridged between clusters were more likely to engage in policy‐oriented behaviors of policy advocacy and advising than were others in the network. This is an example of a link between network location and policy‐oriented behavior indicative of the broader phenomenon of how individuals exert agency, given structural constraints.     

The Shuidonggou site complex: new excavations and implications for the earliest Late Paleolithic in North China

The initial Late Paleolithic, said to appear between 40 and 30 kya in eastern Asia, is defined by the appearance of many innovations. These archaeological indicators include the appearance of more refined stone tool making techniques (e.g., include the appearance of blade and microblade technology), complex hearth construction, use of pigments and personal ornamentation, as well as worked faunal implements such as bone and antler tools. We report here new findings from a multidisciplinary research project conducted at the Shuidonggou (Choei-tong-keou) site complex in northern China, a series of localities that date from the initial Late Paleolithic to the Neolithic.     

香港团队游客上海世博游决策的影响因素分析

上海世博会是2010年中国旅游行业最重要的盛事,深入理解和分析上海世博会旅游消费者的行为特征,对于未来中国节事旅游产品的开发和营销具有重要的意义。本文应用聚类分析和联合分析,从供需两个方面初步探究和分析了参团到访上海世博会的香港游客的消费者行为特征。研究结果显示,该客源市场可以细分为消遣型、综合型和融入型三个类别。三类游客对世博旅游产品具有不同的选择偏好。     

Critical Periods in Science and the Science of Critical Periods: Canine Behavior in America

This article offers a canine history of the “critical period” concept, situating its emergence within a growing, interdisciplinary network of canine behavior studies that connected eugenically minded American veterinarians, behavioral geneticists, and dog lovers with large institutional benefactors. These studies established both logistical and conceptual foundations for large-scale science with dogs while establishing a lingering interdependence between American dog science and eugenics. The article emphasizes the importance of dogs as subjects of ethological study, particularly in the United States, where some of the earliest organized efforts to analyze canine behavior began. Further, the article argues that the “critical period” is important not only for its lasting prominence in multiple fields of scientific inquiry, but also as a historiographical tool, one that invites reflection on the tendency of historians to emphasize a particular narrative structure of scientific advancement.     

Ivane Beritashvili: Founder of Physiology and Neuroscience in Georgia

This paper is dedicated to one of the outstanding scientists of the twentieth century—Ivane Beritashvili. He was a Georgian physiologist who graduated from St. Petersburg University and worked under the supervision of N. Wedensky. He founded the Department of Physiology and the Institute of Physiology at the University of Tbilisi, Georgia. Among his numerous contributions was the discovery of the rhythmical course of reciprocal inhibition in spinal reflexes, the first demonstration of the excitatory and inhibitory reactions in the brain stem neuropil. But Beritashvili's most significant contribution was the discovery of the mediation of animal psychoneural behavior by image-driven memory.     

北京王府井大街消费行为的空间特征分析

根据对北京市王府井大街消费者调查所获数据的分析,以地块为分析单位从空间角度探讨消费者的行为特征,包括人流、停留人次、消费金额、人均消费金额等要素的空间分布的基本特征以及入口、回游、出口各阶段的空间特征,以认识消费行为的复杂性和影响因素的多样性。
研究发现:总消费额与消费者人数的相关性远高于人均消费,显示了商业街经济活动以量取胜的现实;是否位于步行街区域及是否设有大型百货公司的影响在每个层面都得到了很明显的体现;另外由于公共交通所决定的出入口区也影响到了附近地块的商业表现。对出入口位置以及起始、回游、结束三地块消费者的人流分布的分析表明:位于起始消费阶段的消费者的人均消费额要远高于其他阶段。消费者的回游流动特点:①具有沿步行街区域由南向北的明显方向性;②相邻地块回游较为频繁;③步行街内部回游频繁,以外地区,特别是离主要出入口较远的北部区域鲜有人的活动;④大型百货之间的回游,特别是对面地块之间的互串较为频繁,最大的回游出现在新东安市场-北京市百货大楼。     

我国出境旅游者不文明行为改变的策略研究

我国公民在出境旅游中的不文明行为现状与日益强调国家软实力的国际竞争趋势,使提升国民文明素质变得更为紧迫。然而,国民文明素质的提升是一项持久工程,国家软实力的较量却在时刻进行。我国快速发展的出境旅游既向国民提出了提升文明素质的要求,也面临着急需即时改变旅游不文明行为的压力。本文首先对以往改变旅游不文明行为的误区进行了剖析,然后在分析旅游者不文明行为发生与改变规律的基础上,对旅游不文明行为改变的阶段性特征进行了讨论,进而针对改变不文明行为的关键点提出了积极的对策。     

深圳居民服务性消费行为的偏好与空间特征

服务性消费在深圳居民消费结构这一在居民消费结构中的重要性日益增加,本文首先对深圳居民的服务性消费偏好进行了分析,其次将服务性消费行为大致分为餐饮消费、美容美发消费、体育健身消费及酒吧消费等四种类型,分别研究了各种消费行为的空间特征。     

深圳居民购物行为空间决策因素分析

本文以深圳居民消费行为问卷调查的第一手资料为基础,通过构建购物行为空间决策的分析指标,包括购物决策因子偏好指数、认知度指数、购物因子评价指数等,从不同类型商品和不同商业中心地的购物空间决策角度,分析了深圳居民购物行为空间决策的主要因素及决策过程的主要特点。