中国海洋经济发展空间差异分析

90年代后期,中国海洋经济增长迅速,但区域差异呈现增大的趋势。文章分别从海洋经济发展总体水平、发展速度、产业结构变化方面入手研究不同尺度的中国海洋经济空间差异。在研究中利用标准差、变异系数、加权变异系数以及塞尔指数等指标分析中国海洋经济的省际差异以及北、中、南三大地带内及地带间差异的演变趋势。绘制罗仑兹曲线来反映海洋产业的空间集聚扩散情况。并指出出现区域差异的原因主要是资源禀赋、产业空间集聚、国家政策和外商投资倾斜以及历史基础等方面,最后提出缩小海洋经济区域差异的建议。     

大城市中产阶层化与商娱场所的空间结构

自上个世纪70年代随着发达国家"后工业社会"转型以来,中产阶层化现象成为西方发达国家城市问题与空间规划方向的重要研究方面之一,发展至今日,中产阶层化成为了一种全球化的社会与空间现象(Bell,1999)。娱乐作为一种文化现象,可以反映国家生产力水平的高低,是与每个人的生存质量息息相关的领域。因而有关文化休闲娱乐场所的微区位研究也逐渐引起了中外地理学界和社会学界有关学者的极大兴趣。从城市社会空间结构的角度探讨中产阶层生活方式及其消费(娱乐消费)与娱乐场所形成的中产阶层化现象等的社会空间结构。     

旅游地游憩价值评估研究进展

近50年来,旅游地游憩价值评估成为一个热点研究领域,为相关自然保护区、景区的管理与决策起到重大作用。我国从20世纪80年代也出现了游憩价值评估的探索。综合分析国外的相关资料,旅游地游憩价值评估主要集中于旅游地环境资源总经济价值评估、生态旅游发展与政策评估、游憩项目评估和评估方法的研究,主要使用费用支出法、旅行费用法和条件估值法等方面。我国的游憩价值评估主要集中在森林游憩价值领域,方法应用和研究规范上与国外尚有差距。此外,针对我国部分研究将出现将游憩价值评估与经营资产价值评估糅合,认为游憩价值评估与经营资产价值评估是两条独立的主线,不应互相混淆。     

归侨侨眷的跨国网络与中越跨境经济合作——以广西东兴为例

论文以广西东兴市归侨侨眷参与中越跨境经济合作为例,探讨了民间力量在推动跨国区域合作中的作用。论文认为,民间力量也是跨国区域合作的重要推动力量之一。归侨侨眷作为民间力量具有独特的优势,是政府力量的有效补充。在归侨侨眷形成的跨国关系网络中,蕴含的信任等无形资源以及嵌入在网络中的信息、资金、客户等有形资源是归侨侨眷得以在跨境经济合作中发挥作用的重要原因。这种跨国网络中的资源降低了市场交易成本,促进了生产要素的跨国流动,从而有利于推动跨境经济合作的快速发展。     

Looking for solutions in the Canadian North: modern treaties as a new strategy

Modern land claim agreements (MLCAs) are having an impact on Aboriginal economic and social development. This economic impact stems from the substantial land and cash received through the surrender of land rights. The creation of an economic structure that allows the recipients to manage their land and business is another important component of modern land claim agreements. In this paper, we compare economic development of Aboriginal peoples living in three different areas of the Canadian North, namely, the Western Arctic, the Central Arctic and Northern Quebec, over a ten year period. Even in this short‐term period, we argue that those in the Western Arctic and Northern Quebec who had their agreements signed much earlier would have seen a more rapid and persistent advancement in their economic development than those in the Central Arctic (Kitikmeot and Keewatin census regions) whose claims were settled in 1993 as part of the larger Tungavik Federation of Nunavut Final Agreement. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and data from the 1981, 1986 and 1991 Canadian censuses, we have undertaken a longitudinal analysis for each region. The results support our hypothesis. Les accords sur litiges fonciers (ALFs) ont une incidence sur le développement économique et social des aborigènes. Cette incidence économique provient de l'acquis considérable de terres et d'argent reçus suite à l'abandon des droits fonciers. La création d'une structure économique qui permet aux bénéficiaires de gérer leurs terres et leurs affaires est une autre composante importante des accords sur les litiges fonciers. Cet compare le développement économique des populations autochtones dans trois régions différentes du Nord du Canada, à savoir l'Arctique occidental, l'Arctique central et le nord du Québec, sur une période de dix ans. Nous soutenons que, même sur cette période courte, les populations autochtones de l'Arctique occidental et du nord du Québec dont les accords avaient été signés plus tôt ont dû bénéfier d'un progrès plus rapide et soutenu que les populations autochtones de l'Arctique central (les zones de recensement de Kitikmeot et Keewatin) dont les litiges ont été réglés en 1993 dans le cadre de l'ensemble des accords finaux de la Fédération Tungavik du Nunavut. Recourant à l'analyse en composante principale (ACP) et des données des recensements canadiens de 1981, 1986 et 1991, nous avons entrepris une analyse longitudinale pour chaque région. Les résultats confirment notre hypothèse.     

Transpennine: Imaginative Geographies of an Interregional Corridor

The Pennine Chain is the most significant physical constant in the economic and administrative geography of England. It is crossed perpendicularly by the densely urbanized belt lying between the estuaries of the Mersey and Humber. The paper attempts to conceptualize this transpennine space in terms of a shared textile history, a common upland heart, a transport corridor, an axis of solidarity in the economic geography of the north-south divide, a European trade route, an environmental artwork. The paradox that European INTERREG funding has facilitated transpennine thinking at a time when institutional factors are reinforcing the watershed, leads to a conclusion which looks forward.     

Geographical Scale, the 'Feel-Good Factor' and Voting at the 1997 General Election in England and Wales

Many analysts associate voting patterns in Great Britain with electors' evaluations of the state of the economy, whereby those who think it has improved recently are likely to vote for the government's return to power, whereas those who think it has worsened are more likely to vote for an opposition party. Most of these studies consider the national economy only, but data derived from the 1997 British Election Study cross–sectional survey show strong relationships between votes and evaluations of recent changes in the electors' (self-defined) home areas. This paper relates those evaluations, and the resultant voting patterns, to the 'objective circumstances' in the respondents' home areas, using unemployment rates as an indicator of local economic well-being. Using specially devised data for 'bespoke neighbourhoods' around each respondent's home, we show that the probability of a vote against the government was a function of both 'objective conditions' and 'subjective evaluations', and that there were significant scale effects in this: people apparently reacted to very local variations when making their voting decisions.     

Governmentality and the Spatialized Discourse of Policy: The Consolidation of the Post-1989 NHS Reforms

There have been few studies of spatialized discourse within contemporary healthcare policy-making. This paper addresses this omission, focusing on the governmental presentation of the little-studied measures that consolidated the post-1989 reforms of the NHS in England and Wales, and culminated in the Health Authorities Act 1995. A short section places these measures in context and outlines their main components. An analysis of key documents and parliamentary exchanges is then used to show how spatialized language was central to the presentation of policy and its debate in parliament. In particular, the paper demonstrates how nuanced conceptions of space- and territorially-led service management provide a flexible basis for presenting notions of power and control. This 'spatio-linguistic strategy' is located theoretically within the concept of governmentality.     

网络权力与企业投资空间决策——以台资网络为例

企业网络已成为全球经济运行中主要的组织创新形式。拥有核心能力和关键资源的企业成为网络的发起者和管理者,权力跨越企业边界演变成网络权力。网络权力已成为影响企业投资空间决策的重要因子之一。网络权力对网络成员跨界投资和区位决策的影响力源于其能降低生产成本、维持原供货联结与社会关系、优化投资政策、促进技术创新等。网络权力从某种意义上能转化成成本、政治、社会、市场等优势。全球生产网络的空间转移或扩张往往是由全球领导公司及其所控制下的地方网络领导公司的驱动或影响下形成的,生产型领导公司的网络权力使其在跨界生产扩张中能影响网络成员与其海外子公司毗邻定位,购买型领导公司网络权力能影响地方网络领导公司带动地方网络向成本低地或目标市场转移。     

西方经济地理学关于全球化经济的理论演化综述

清晰的理解全球化经济如何演化是一项非常紧迫和艰巨的任务。传统的经济地理学主要通过国际劳动分工理论解释全球化经济。但二十世纪九十年代以来的外购和及时生产等新的生产组织方式的出现,使得全球经济体系变得愈加复杂。西方经济地理学家开始将其他相关学科的理论和方法论(如资源基础理论、嵌入理论、行为者网络理论等),应用于全球化的研究中,构建了一些新的全球经济的分析框架,例如全球价值链、全球商品链和全球生产网络,体现了经济地理学新的发展方向-"关系"经济地理学。这些链/网络的分析框架在多学科领域引起强大的反响,使得西方经济地理学的学科地位得到很大提升。