How much does urban location matter for growth?

This paper analyses the effect of location characteristics on urban growth using regression cubic splines. Our empirical analysis shows that in Spain, differences in accessibility to major urban centres and geographic isolation help explain differences in population growth rates across municipalities between 2001 and 2014. Moreover, even though physical proximity to large cities is usually assumed to be closely related to the attractiveness of a municipality, we found that urban population growth is even more related to the joint effect of distance to major centres and agglomeration. In this respect, there seems to be a threshold from which agglomeration diseconomies come into play such that a greater proximity to major cities and/or being localized within a more densely populated area goes against local growth.     

Women’s gender role attitudes and fertility intentions of having a second child: survey findings from Shaanxi Province of China

China is a country with a unique history of gender traditions and birth-control regulations. Traditional gender role attitudes, closely related to son preference, exert entrenched influence on the fertility intentions and behaviours of women in China. In recent years, despite the fact that employment characteristics and educational attainment of women have caught up with men, China has witnessed a resurgence of patriarchal Confucian tradition. Gender relations in the private sphere are increasingly regulated by traditional gender norms. Considering the declining fertility in China and recent fertility policy adjustments, this paper analyses the varying effects of gender role attitudes on fertility intentions of women under different birth control policies, utilising data from 1,422 questionnaires conducted in 2015 in the Shaanxi Province in northwestern China and using the Multinomial Logistic Model. Our findings imply that the relationship between women’s gender role attitudes and fertility intention differs between women affected by different birth control policies. We find that among married women with one child who are restricted to one child, the more egalitarian the gender role attitude, the more likely they intend to have a second child. Among married women who have had one child and are allowed to have two children, the more egalitarian the gender role attitude, the less likely they intend to have a second child. The results also indicate that traditional gender role attitudes and norms still play an important role in Chinese women’s fertility intentions.     

Population-specific stature reconstruction for medieval Trondheim,Norway

Temporal changes in average stature are often used as a measure of a past population's adaptation, or lack of it. Traditionally, stature estimates have been calculated using formulae derived from limb proportions of cadavers. However, many authors have noted the problem of regional or population variation in body proportions of such reconstructed ratios. Before differences in stature can be attributed to environmental adaptation, ‘ethnic’ or population differences in limb ratios must be taken into account. The present paper calculates the stature of a medieval Norwegian skeletal sample using archaeological plan femur length and dry bone femur length. The author presents a variety of formulae and compares the stature derived from these calculations to the stature derived from archaeological plans. The Trondheim statures are then compared to stature reconstructions of other contemporary populations.     

中国旅游产业集聚与产业效率的关系研究

基于中国31个省区的数据,测量与估算了2012年中国旅游产业六大要素部门的产业集聚现状;利用数据包络分析模型对各部门的技术效率进行评价,同时构建旅游产业集聚与技术效率的回归模型,探寻旅游产业集聚程度与产业效率之间的相互关系。结果表明:中国旅游产业整体集聚程度仍然偏低,且六大要素部门之间发展不均衡;当前我国各省区旅游业的产业规模普遍偏小,大部分省区旅游产业都处于规模报酬递增阶段;旅游产业的规模化集中度对产业技术效率有较强的积极影响,回归系数达到0.672;企业集中度、劳动力集中度对产业技术效率存在较小的消极影响。     

非正规就业视角下的制造业空间重构——基于2000、2010年地级及以上城市的实证研究

我国制造业的空间重构不仅表现为整体格局和职能强度的变化,更体现在内部构成要素的分化上。我国从事制造业的正规与非正规从业人员比例由2000年的41.7:58.3转变为2010年的29.3:70.7。两者的空间结构差异明显,非正规就业密度由沿海向内陆逐步递减,而正规就业在内陆省会城市存在明显高地。本文分析了制造业重构过程中的六类城市及其分布变化。研究表明,全球化进程和就业门槛显著促进了非正规就业增长;非正规就业也与经济发展存在共生关系,但与制度环境并无显著关联;此外廉价劳动力、市场可达性与规模经济对制造业的区位选择具有显著影响。     

大都市双核廊道结构空间增长过程研究——以美国华盛顿-巴尔的摩地区为例

本文以华盛顿-巴尔的摩地区200年都市化发展史为例,通过Mapinfo7.0得到两城市内、外接圆半径值①,以Logistic模型为基础计算出其半径增长速率并进行对比分析。研究表明,巴尔的摩和华盛顿城市化区的扩展表现为核心与廊道的共同增长,但二者的增长速率不具有同步增长过程;1962年前华盛顿城市化区的空间形态要优于巴尔的摩,随后则相反。传统的双核廊道结构空间增长研究多以整体为对象研究其增长过程,本文的创新特色在于通过对比分析两个城市内、外接圆半径的变化,来揭示双核廊道结构空间增长的特殊规律。     

Predicting Grey Triggerfish Body Size from Bones

The present study presents a method for predicting triggerfish body size (standard length and body mass) from bones recovered from archaeological sites. Regression equations were calculated from 42 fresh triggerfish. The following seven measurements were used as best predictors for body size based on the regression coefficients, reliability of the measurements and survivorship of the bones in archaeological material: width of ethmoid, width of vomer, width of first dorsal spine, width of dorsal postcleithrum, width of atlas, width of sixth vertebra, and greatest height of basal pterygiophore. These equations enabled us to assess the contribution of fish to the economy and aided us in identifying various fishing methods. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Int. J. Osteoarchaeol., 7 : 150–156 (1997) No. of Figures: 8. No. of Tables: 4. No. of References: 48.     

入境游客对我国非物质文化遗产的满意度及其度量模型研究——以苏州昆曲为例

本文选取具有中国传统文化特色的苏州昆曲为研究对象,运用因子分析、回归分析等方法,研究了入境游客对我国非物质文化遗产的满意度及其度量模型。结果发现:①入境游客对我国非物质文化遗产昆曲有着很高的正面评价,集中体现在昆曲的"魅力性"、"知识/愉悦性"、"传统性"、"价值性"四个方面;②不同人口统计学特征的入境游客对我国非物质文化遗产的实地感知存在显著性的差异;③不同满意度理论模型与入境游客总体满意度的关系存在显著差异。最后为我国非物质文化遗产旅游产品的开发提出了参考建议。     

Spatial autocorrelation tests and the Classic Maya collapse: Methods and inferences

Spatial autocorrelation, resulting in pattern or structure in geographically distributed data, is discussed in theoretical and practical terms. Tests for spatial autocorrelation are presented, along with an explication of the relationship between autocorrelation models, the product-moment correlation coefficient and the spatial autocorrelation test statistic. Two archaeological examples illustrate the application of the auto-correlation test statistic. The first uses a hypothetical data set, which shows the type of map patterns that appear with various levels of spatial autocorrelation, and the second examines the terminal distribution of long-count-dated monuments at lowland Classic Maya sites. The results of the second example fail to support arguments for simple patterning in the cessation of the erection of these monuments and, by inference, in the Maya collapse itself. Finally, it is argued that while the identification of spatial autocorrelation is often the goal of spatial analyses, the presence of autocorrelation violates the assumptions of certain statistics used in such analyses.     

环境公正视角下空气污染和死亡人数的空间分析及关系研究——以河北省为例

基于空气污染的环境公正研究在国际上受到较多关注,但在发展中国家、尤其是中国,相关研究较为缺乏。本文使用2010年河北省人口普查和空气质量数据,采用空间分析、描述性统计以及空间回归模型等方法对基于乡镇街道层面的空气污染和死亡人数的空间分布、社会分布及其关系进行研究。结果表明,河北省空气污染和死亡人数在城市和农村地区存在显著差异;基于乡镇街道层面,河北省的婴儿（1岁及以下）、老年人（60岁及以上）、失业者和省外农村流动人口更多地居住在空气污染比较严重的地区;婴儿、老年人、使用固体燃料或住房无洗澡设施的家庭户聚集的乡镇街道其死亡人数较多;空气污染与死亡人数之间存在显著的正相关。本研究旨在促进对中国环境公正与健康不平等的理解和认识,为发展更为公平、有效的环境健康政策提供科学依据。