How much does urban location matter for growth?

This paper analyses the effect of location characteristics on urban growth using regression cubic splines. Our empirical analysis shows that in Spain, differences in accessibility to major urban centres and geographic isolation help explain differences in population growth rates across municipalities between 2001 and 2014. Moreover, even though physical proximity to large cities is usually assumed to be closely related to the attractiveness of a municipality, we found that urban population growth is even more related to the joint effect of distance to major centres and agglomeration. In this respect, there seems to be a threshold from which agglomeration diseconomies come into play such that a greater proximity to major cities and/or being localized within a more densely populated area goes against local growth.     

邻里环境感知对中国城市居民自评健康影响研究——以武汉市为例

邻里作为城市居民的重要日常生活场所，对健康的影响引起广泛关注。本文选取武汉市南湖街道这一典型住区，运用多元回归分析，针对商品房和保障房邻里展开对比研究，解析不同类型邻里中居民的邻里环境感知对自评健康的影响差异。研究发现，控制个人因素后，体育休闲设施感知、归属感和安全感显示出对自评健康独立且显著的影响。而在对比研究中，商品房邻里的居民自评健康受邻里环境感知的影响较显著，而保障房邻里的居民自评健康受个体层面特征的影响较显著。因此，宜针对不同类型邻里制定差异化的社区健康提升策略。     

中国入境旅游的空间关联特征及其影响因素探析——基于地理加权回归的视角

国内外关于入境旅游的研究已有丰富积累,但现有关于我国入境旅游影响因素的研究均较少考虑地理邻近与空间关联性、空间非平稳性等特征。本文基于修正的旅游引力模型,首次运用地理加权回归模型,探析经济外向度、旅游资源和地理距离对我国31个省域入境旅游影响的空间差异。研究表明：入境游客在空间上具有正相关性（空间依赖性）和集聚特征;经济外向度和旅游资源对入境游客数量都有积极的影响,旅游资源的促进作用相对较大,而地理距离的增加对入境游客数量有负向的影响。并且,各影响因素的系数存在空间非平稳性,经济外向度和地理距离估计系数形成了以东北地区为核心,不断向西南方向扩散的圈层;相反的是,旅游资源对入境旅游的作用程度形成了由西南向东北地区逐渐递减的格局。研究也发现,邻近地区的入境游客数量对本地区具有正向影响,境外游客从目的地向周边地区扩散,省区之间存在空间溢出效应。     

Cruise Passengers in a Homeport: A Market Analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine cruise passengers' characteristics, preferences and their overall experience in a port of call. Based on 1,361 survey data collected from passengers in the port of call of Cartagena, during the third quarter of 2009, a three-step multivariate market segment analysis is employed. First, a correspondence analysis is run to reveal the underlying factors in the data; second, based on the correspondence analysis, a hierarchical cluster investigation is performed to segment the sample into homogeneous groups; third, a decision tree is computed to characterise each group. The cluster analysis identifies six distinct market segments differentiated by nationality, satisfaction, safety perception and expenditure. The findings imply several policy directions. In particular, institutions should enhance the perception of safety in Cartagena to guarantee repeated visits, an ad hoc marketing policy may encourage revisit by young South Americans, and managers should extend the inland visiting time that is likely to produce local multiplier effects.     

The new Siberia

This paper assesses relationships between Scottish ice climbing and daily weather conditions between 1961 and 1990. Synoptic air flow and instrumental climate data from Braemar and Fort Augustus were analysed in relation to first ascents of ice climbs in the Cairngorms, and on Ben Nevis and Creag Meagaidh. Lagged weather variables were calculated and stepwise logistic regression was used to estimate optimum models for both areas. Significant variables are anticyclonicity, low minimum air temperature and northerly or easterly airflow (Cairngorms, P = 0.0006); and northerly or easterly airflow, low minimum air temperature and low precipitation (Ben Nevis and Creag Meagaidh, P < 0.0001). A five‐day cold spell is optimum for Ben Nevis and Creag Meagaidh. A week with relatively little precipitation is beneficial in both areas. Air flow direction is more influential than vorticity, the optimum predictors of ice conditions using synoptic data alone are a persistent easterly component (beneficial), and a persistent southerly and westerly component (detrimental), P < 0.0001.     

“赛中会”型会议旅游者的综合形象感知及行为意向研究——以2011年深圳FISU学术大会为例

利用大型体育赛事进行旅游目的地形象的建设与营销推广已经成为国际上一个流行的趋势.本文以2011年深圳世界大学生运动会为例,就大会期间举行的FISU学术大会与会者的旅游动机、综合形象感知以及后续旅游意向等之间的关系进行了探索性研究.双变量相关及多元线性回归分析的结果显示：（1）与会者的旅游动机不仅与学术大会本身有显著的关系,同时还会对更大范围内的赛事以及整个目的地认知形象产生更大的影响作用;（2）受大运会作为特定时空范围内的“中心事件”的影响,与会者对赛事的认知形象可以对目的地情感形象以及后续的目的地旅游意向产生作用;同时,会议型旅游者对深圳市作为旅游目的地整体形象的认知也多集中在“节事”这个维度,并进而对目的地情感形象以及旅游行为意向产生显著影响.本文的研究结果对大型体育赛事举办地发展事件旅游有一定的借鉴意义.     

The determinants of occupational distribution in Seoul metropolitan area: Comparison of high- and low-skilled occupations

In this study we analyse the spatial distribution patterns of professionals and related workers in high-skilled occupations and elementary workers in low-skilled occupations in the Seoul metropolitan area and explore their geographical factors. Spatial autocorrelation relates to the formation and clustering of hot spots according to each occupational characteristic. Geographic factors affecting the distribution of workplaces and residences in professionals-related occupations and elementary-related occupations act differently for each middle occupational classification. However, some occupations show similar spatial distribution patterns. In particular, we found that industrial economic drivers have influence more significant than other regional factors in determining the distribution of workplace and residence by occupation. The spatial coefficient of geographical adjacency varies with the attributes of each occupation and tends to be larger in professional jobs. Findings from the study will help prepare policies related to local talents for specialisation and advancement of the occupational structure and will be of wider interest.     

Hedonic pricing analysis of the influence of urban green spaces onto residential prices: the case of Leipzig,Germany

In the light of global urbanization and biodiversity loss, ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces (UGS) are becoming increasingly important, not least as a recovery and recreation opportunity for citizens. The valuation of UGS is significant for urban planners, who make decisions on the creation or removal of UGS. We analysed the influence of UGS on residential property prices in Leipzig, Germany, by applying a hedonic pricing analysis. This analysis complements the existing literature by considering both sale and rental prices for flats and houses; moreover, the shape of UGS is taken into account explicitly; finally, it is the first study in Germany to analyse UGS in hedonic studies to such an extent. The results demonstrate that the size of the nearest UGS has a stronger impact on prices compared to the distance from it. With respect to shape, we found that the simpler the UGS shape, the higher the prices. Although we find an impact of UGS on prices, the impact is smaller than that of other characteristics. The proposed valuation approach and obtained results inform urban planners regarding the design of new UGS and raise awareness about potential intended and unintended economic and social effects.     

Stronger together? Assessing the causal effect of inter‐municipal cooperation on the efficiency of small Italian municipalities

When local governments are small and fragmented, promoting inter‐municipal cooperation (IMC) among them is seen as a tool to improve the management of public services by reaping economies of scale and scope. Yet, the empirical evidence on the impacts of IMC on local governments' efficiency is scarce and inconclusive. In this paper, we investigate the experience of Italy's municipal unions (Unioni di comuni). We develop an index of technical efficiency by means of robust data envelopment analysis. We then exploit nearest‐neighbor matching and fuzzy regression discontinuity design estimators to explore whether municipal unions have any impacts on the administrative efficiency of member municipalities. We fail to find any strong, significant effect.     

上海市共享住宿时空格局及影响因素识别

本文以Airbnb共享住宿为研究对象,通过GIS空间分析工具对上海市2010-2019年期间共享住宿空间演变与形成机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：①上海市共享住宿经历了自发萌芽-快速增长-稳步发展三个主要阶段;②上海市共享住宿正相关性逐年增强,空间聚集态势明显,局部格局整体呈现中心高、外围低的分布特征,研究期内逐渐由西北-东南向东北-西南方向扩散;③道路密度、经济水平、房源供给、服务群体与空间集聚对上海市共享住宿分布格局具有显著影响,并通过制约机制、供需机制、触发机制影响共享住宿选址布局,经过个体与时间积累效应,最终形成上海市共享住宿空间动态演化特征。