Ruhr Firms between Dynamic Change and Structural Persistence – Globalization, the 'German Model' and Regional Place-Dependence

This paper¹ investigates recent restructuring strategies of medium-sized firms in the Ruhr area, and assesses the role of institutional, organizational and socio-economic factors in shaping their strategic responses to economic change. By pointing out the extent to which embeddedness in different political-economic contexts constrains the expansion of organizational space, it is argued that medium-sized firms respond by falling back on routinized, predominantly regional, interaction structures. 'Embedding' and cooperation are, however, constrained by market forces and competitive pressures, which manifest themselves in various governance dilemmas. Solving these dilemmas between institutional persistence and 'economic imperatives' constitutes a major organizational challenge for the sample firms.     

契约与民生:清代徽州棚民长期存在之反思

明代以来进入徽州地区的外地棚民,利用当地丰富的自然资源,进行各种经济活动.在当时的社会条件制约下,此类经济活动耗费了大量的资源,破坏了徽州农村的生态环境,损害了地方和国家的利益.虽然清代微州民间和官方采取了不同措施以遏制生态环境恶化,但棚民开发在清代却长期存在.文章从契约和民生的角度分析认为,政府对契约法律效率的承认,百姓的生存以及谋利的需要,是清代徽州棚民长期存在、难以驱禁的两大重要原因.     

Les Pradelles (Marillac-le-Franc, France): A mousterian reindeer hunting camp?

The site of Les Pradelles has an important mousterian stratigraphic sequence. In the lower levels, the very low density of artefacts as well as the carnivores scavenging of carcasses abandoned by the neanderthals point to short-term human occupations; the introduction of finished tools (made on non-local, good quality flint) later highly curated, together with an expedient strategy on strictly local flint, suggest a task-specific location, within a low mobility pattern. The large faunal sample (mainly reindeer) underlines the preponderance of hunting activities. A range of butchering activities took place on the site and the abundance of filleting marks may be an indication of the processing of meat for transport to another settlement. The hypothesis of “specialized hunting” during Middle Palaeolithic is assessed with this new data set.     

城市居民出游的高铁选乘行为意向的形成机理——以长沙市为例

高速铁路以快捷、舒适、环保的明显优势促成旅游者的选乘决策。基于已有研究成果,思辨选乘动机、选乘阻碍、阻碍协商策略、行为意向的关系,构建人们高铁选乘意向形成的概念模型。选择长沙市居民进行研究,结果表明:快捷选乘动机和阻碍协商策略对行为意向有正向影响,选乘阻碍对阻碍协商策略和行为意向有负向影响。选乘意向的形成有两条路径,一是直接通过快捷动机形成;二是基于快捷和舒适动机,判断选乘阻碍,采取阻碍协商策略,最后形成行为意向。依据研究结论得到了旅游业发展中科学利用高铁的四点启示。     

Variations in Human Adaptations During the Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Quebrada Jaguay (QJ-280) and the Ring Site,Southern Perú

Vertebrate remains from two stratified sites, the Quebrada Jaguay site (QJ-280) and the Ring Site, reveal details about economic strategies practiced between 13,145 and 7500 cal yr BP on the southern coast of Perú. The near absence of terrestrial resources, a broad continuity in economic activities focused on marine resources, and flexibility within the overall strategy, are among the most interesting aspects of these data. Although they reflect economic and social decisions driven, in part, by fluctuations in environmental conditions, they demonstrate that people were sophisticated strategists actively responding to dynamic environmental conditions.     

从购买力的变化看土改运动后农民生活水平的提升

土改运动后农民生活水平的提升,可以从农民购买力的变化上得到集中反映。农民生产恢复和发展后,出售的粮食日渐增多。粮食丰收直接导致农民手中资金的增多,从而引发农民购买力的急剧上升。农民的购买力可分为两方面:一是生产资料的购买,是为了增加土地投入;二是生活资料的购买,是为了提高生活水平。翻身农民购买力的提高,首先体现在对农业生产资料的购买上。如果说土改后农民生产资料购买力的增加反映了农民投资土地的生产积极性高涨的话,那么土改后农民对生活资料购买力的增加,则反映了农民在生产恢复后对美好生活的渴望。农民购买力的提高,刺激了城市工商业的发展,加速了城乡物资交流,为新中国的工业化开辟了道路。     

Spatial avoidance or spatial confidence? Young people's agency in the active negotiation of risk and safety in public space

This article explores teenage girls' and boys' agency in how they handle risk and promote safety in public space. Based on material from qualitative interviews with Swedish teenagers (from age 16), a small-scale survey and written accounts, it is shown that teenagers actively negotiate risk and promote safety in public space. Drawing on Panelli, Kraack, and Little [2005. “Claiming Space and Community: Rural Women's Strategies for Living with, and Beyond, Fear.” Geoforum 36 (4): 495–508] multidimensional model of situated agency, it is discussed how teenagers choose to draw on, or contest, different dimensions of agency in constructing and handling risk and safety.     

Changing industrial production systems and regional development in the New Europe

The continuing expansion and deepening integration of the European Union is redefining the map of threats and opportunities for both companies and regions in Europe. In this paper I analyze the changing geography of the production system in three industries – automobiles, clothing and steel – as a product of the strategies and tactics of companies, states (at EU, national and regional levels) and trades unions, as they seek to shape geographies of production to favour their interests within this changing European political–economic space. It is argued that the end product of this process will be the creation of new and sharper forms of regional uneven development and qualitative differentiation between regions, as well as a renewed widening rather than further narrowing of regional differences in economic performance and well–being.