中国民营经济发展若干问题研究

民营经济是一种以民为本的民本经济;生产劳动是满足人民群众日苴增长的物质和化需要的直接的经济活劝;保护私有财产权是大国兴起之路;构建和谐社会必须正确看待当前收分配差距;必须给民营经济发展创造良好的社会环境,所有这些都是中国民营经济发展中的重要理论和政策问题。为此,我们很有必要从理论上加深对民营经济的认识,在实践中进一步促进民营经济的发展．     

Suku and the Self-Valorization of Chinese Women Workers: Before,during, and after Enterprise Privatization

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) used suku (speaking bitterness) in ideological education movements to teach subaltern women to give voice to their personal narratives of oppression in accordance with Maoist political doctrine. Suku is thus a historically specific practice and a culturally specific form of women’s narrative practice. By listening to and observing the post-Mao suku narrative performance of my grandmother, a retired State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) worker, I show that her suku is a gendered performance, a form of labor that blurs production and reproduction, and a form of embedded personhood; and that suku as a form of narrative persisted through the period of economic reforms, even though its intent and audience became transformed. My kin relationship with this particular suku performance allows an analysis of the impact of suku on cross-generational relationships—those between first-generation SOE workers and laid-off SOE workers in former SOE families. Furthermore, I argue that suku can be seen as a form of labor and self-valorization of Chinese women workers discarded in the new economy, and contrary to its original disciplinary purposes, as a form of resistance.     

“For the Means of Your Subsistence ... Look Under God to Your Own Industry and Frugality”: Life and Labor in Gerrit Smith's Peterboro

The rural hamlet of Peterboro, the home of Gerrit Smith, the nineteenth century's most famous social reformer, has been portrayed as an idyllic and peaceful community free of class conflict. The extensive documentary record suggests a less harmonious situation and indicates that the community was fraught with struggle, engendered as much by Smith's reform efforts as by general class relations. This article examines class-based struggle through several vignettes, including a look at the voting patterns of the Liberty party in Smithfield, the social conditions of African Americans who lived in Peterboro, and the story of the temperance hotel.     

Children's Strikes, Parents' Rights: Paterson and Five Points

While Karen Calvert's book, Children in the House, deals with middle-class play, there is very little work devoted to children's toys and games in a working-class context. This paper uses the toy assemblages from two working-class sites to begin a discussion of working-class play and the struggle nineteenth-century working-class parents waged to impart their own values to their children. Because marbles were the predominant toy recovered from both sites, the nature of the game is discussed, and its relationship to working-class values is considered.     

Plant-food preparation area on an Upper Paleolithic brush hut floor at Ohalo II,Israel

While a division of domestic space into separate sectors dedicated to different activities has been suggested for a number of Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer sites, it has never been demonstrated based on plant remains from this period. Moreover, due to the usual scarcity of plant macrofossils in archaeological deposits, only animal food preparation activities associated with hearths have been reported in the literature on Near Eastern prehistory. Ohalo II (Israel) is the first Upper Paleolithic site where such a patterned use of interior space and plant processing are evidenced by the distribution of plant remains on a sealed floor of a brush hut. This paper describes and interprets the distribution of almost 60,000 identified seeds and other plant remains on that floor, proposing a reconstruction of three activity areas in the interior of the 12-m² hut: processing of food centered on a grinding stone; a flint knapping area; and an access area in between. Finally, it is suggested that these activity areas might represent male-female division of labor.     

民国北京政府时期劳动灾害赔偿制度探析

民国北京政府时期,劳动灾害频繁发生,政府开始通过劳工立法规范雇主在灾害赔偿方面的责任。灾害赔偿立法由各行业政府主管部门起草并出台。制度属于现代劳动灾害赔偿制度中的雇主责任制模式。它覆盖工业、矿业、交通业等现代工人。与此时的国际劳工组织相关标准进行比较,中国制度的赔偿项目齐全,伤病医疗费和伤病期间工资等赔偿标准较高,残废抚恤金和遗族抚恤金则不及。制度虽然实施效果不佳,但这是劳动灾害赔偿首次进入立法,对后来政府的立法有借鉴意义。     

论邓小平复出前后有关按劳分配的思想

1975年邓小平第二次复出后 ,即坚决主张实行按劳分配原则 ,调动各方面的积极性 ,但由于再次被打倒 ,他的这些思想和措施没有来得及贯彻落实。粉碎“四人帮”后 ,经济学界展开了有关按劳分配理论问题的大讨论 ,邓小平始终关注并坚持这一讨论 ,并提出了许多独具胆识的论述 ,其主要思想是肯定了按劳分配的社会主义性质 ,反对平均主义分配方式 ,反对按政治态度分配 ,主张搞物质鼓励 ,提出恢复奖金、稿费制度。邓小平提出的按劳分配思想 ,实质上是对社会主义本质的思考 ,是对我党以往“左”的政治经济理论和观念的纠正 ,是对劳动群众的物质利益的充分肯定     

拉萨八廓街旅游劳工移民地方融入研究

地方融入是地方理论的延展和应用领域,其本土化实践与理论研究还有待推进.本文以拉萨八廓街的旅游劳工移民为研究对象,采用关键词网络分析和扎根理论,结合四层一体分析框架,探索该群体的地方融入现状和过程.研究表明:①拉萨八廓街旅游劳工移民地方融入过程可划分为自评、动机、实践和依恋4个阶段;②拉萨的社会氛围体现在对外的高度包容性...     

等量劳动交换原则只是一种特例

商品交换的价值理论大多把商品交换看成等量劳动交换,是只有一个点的平衡。这其实是似是而非的认识。所谓“似是”是因为在初期简单劳动及其商品交换的严格限制条件下,双方都知道要生产所交换的商品需要的大致劳动量,等量劳动交换的实现比较容易;所谓“而非”,则是因为在发达复杂的商品交换中,交换者很难统一计量出对方商品所包含的劳动量,等量劳动交换原则事实上就不具有普遍适用的意义。商品交换的比较利益原则才是普遍适用的原则,等量劳动交换原则只是比较利益原则的一种特例。     

新中国成立初期的劳资协商会议制度——以郑州市为例

劳资协商会议是党和政府调解劳资关系的重要制度,它以“发展生产,繁荣经济,公私兼顾,劳资两利”为基本原则,对调解劳资关系、恢复发展经济起到了积极作用。根据中央和河南省的指示精神,1950年,郑州市积极设立劳资协商会议,为私营工商业发展做出了贡献。“五反”运动后,郑州市的劳资协商会议对缓和劳资关系、恢复生产、稳定社会秩序起到了一定的作用。