对青海非公有制企业社会保障和劳动关系的调查与思考

新时期,青海非公有制企业的社会保障和劳动关系表现出一些新情况和新特点。笔者在进行社会调查的基础上,分析了存在的问题及原因,并就新形势下构建和谐的劳动关系提出了若干建议。     

《劳动合同法》对导游用工涉及的法律关系的影响

本文通过对比分析《劳动合同法》颁布前后导游与旅行社、导游服务公司之间的法律关系,认为导游与旅行社或导游服务公司之间成立劳动关系,原先受民法调整的劳务关系将渐渐从导游执业中淡出,导游权益的保障会有一定程度的改善。     

社会氛围对旅游劳工移民地方融入的影响研究——以丽江古城为例

通过探索性分析,初步建构并检验了旅游劳工移民地方融入的组成结构;以丽江古城为实证研究案例地,关联分析了社会氛围对旅游劳工移民地方融入的影响关系。结果表明：经验主义视角下旅游劳工移民的地方融入是人、活动、地方三者相互作用的结果,涵盖感知性融入（地方评价）、功能性融入（活动参与）及情感性融入（地方依恋）三个方面,且三者所建构的地方融入结构具有较好的可靠性和外部有效性;社会氛围与旅游劳工移民的地方融入呈显著性正相关。     

Entry into working life: Internal migration and the job match quality of higher‐educated graduates

We estimate the impact of internal migration on job‐match quality for recent Dutch university and college graduates. We find positive yet modest wage returns. After controlling for the self‐selection of migrants with an IV approach, this effect is no longer significant for university graduates and all graduates from peripheral areas. We also find that, for our alternative job‐match measures, where there is evidence of migrant self‐selection, controlling for self‐selection strongly reduces the effect of internal migration on job‐match quality. In some cases, the returns on internal migration are found to be negative, which may signal forced migration.     

Trafficking in US Agriculture

Based on a qualitative methodology that includes in‐depth interviews with 90 Mexican migrant smugglers and 45 Central American farmworkers, this article analyzes the three separate elements of trafficking in US agriculture, namely acts, means, and purposes. We conclude that some US employers participate in human trafficking by financing or helping to recruit and transport Mexican and Central American migrants to the US by means of “abuse of a position of vulnerability” for the purposes of involuntary servitude, debt bondage, and sex exploitation.     

Reexamining transport poverty,job access,and gender issues in Central and Eastern Europe

Tirana, the Balkan capital examined in this study, displays patterns of gendered job search behavior and access, which are unique within contemporary Europe and even within post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe. Here, it is a rather spatially constricted job search range rather than transport poverty that prevents women living in first-ring suburbs from attaining satisfactory employment. Female commutes are extraordinarily short and most often on foot. While the city now has nearly one million inhabitants and a high car ownership rate, and is located in Europe, the employment and mobility choices and behaviors of its female residents resemble those in developing rather than developed countries, and in small rather than large cities. The reasons underpinning this situation have more to do with socio-cultural gender barriers and less with transport poverty or labor market weaknesses. This finding might apply to other Balkan capitals or cities outside Europe, which have recently experienced large waves of internal migration and where both existing residents and newcomers have not yet adjusted to ‘big city’ life.     

Toward a Collective Historical Archaeology

In this paper, I begin with ideas of difference and try to weave together aspects of our disciplinary structure, contemporary theoretical critique, and research agendas to show how our emphasis on difference, multiplicity, and individual identity makes it difficult to comprehend all that we share and constrains our political action to only local concerns. Instead, the kind of archaeological research that I envision focuses on commonalities through questions of labor, class and capitalism geared toward developing an understanding of all that we as people share.     

Interpreting abundance indices: some zooarchaeological implications of Martu foraging

Indices of taxonomic abundance are commonly used by zooarchaeologists to examine resource intensification, overexploitation and gender-divisions in foraging labor. The original formulation of abundance indices developed a clear interpretive framework by linking the measure with foraging models from behavioral ecology. However, using the same basic tenets of behavioral ecology, archaeologists disagree about how to interpret variability in abundance index values: some suggest that high proportions of large prey remains represent higher overall foraging efficiency, while others argue the opposite. To help solve this problem, we use quantitative observational data with Martu hunters in Australia’s Western Desert to examine how foraging decisions and outcomes best predict variation in the abundance index values that result. We show that variation in the proportional remains of large to small game is best predicted by hunting bout success with larger prey and the time spent foraging for smaller prey. A declining abundance index results from decreasing hunting success with larger prey, increasing time invested in hunting smaller prey, or both; any of which result in a lower overall return rate than if large prey were acquired reliably. We also demonstrate that where large prey acquisition is stochastic, high index values are correlated positively with men’s proportional caloric contribution of large unreliable game, while low index values are correlated with women’s proportional foraging time for small reliable game. We discuss these results with reference to evidence of resource intensification and gender-specific foraging.     

人力资源开发是实现西部地区发展的基础

劳动力素质低下,人才不足是西部地区发展缓慢的关键因素。只有加大人力资源开发力度,以改革为动力、以市场为导向,通过完善政策、强化机制、优化环境,充分发挥和创造人力资源的价值和效能,才能最大限度地满足社会发展对劳动力素质的需求,从而不断为西部地区的发展提供源源不断的活力。理论和实践证明,人力资源开发是实现西部地区发展的前提和基础。