新石器时代黄河流域文化格局的变迁与筒形罐系统的文化趋势

筒形罐系统是新石器时代北中国地区重要的文化系统。新石器时代中期,筒形罐系统一度占据着太行山东麓的广袤区域,使得筒形罐系统的领地从东北地区拓展至冀南豫北地区,并且形成了具有明显过渡类型色彩的磁山文化。此后,随着东方釜鼎系统和西方仰韶系统交替占据黄河流域的主流地位,迫使筒形罐系统的南部前沿从冀南豫北地区向北退缩至燕山—西辽河一带,筒形罐系统此后的空间拓展方向也转向了东北腹地。在此背景下,燕山南北成为筒形罐系统与中原文化频繁接触、融合的新地带,先后产生了赵宝沟文化和红山文化等强势文化支系。可见,黄河流域的文化格局不仅改变了筒形罐系统的空间拓展方向,而且直接加剧了筒形罐系统内部各支系间的分化。     

试论襄阳南朝画像砖墓的营建及图像布局

南北朝时期襄阳地区集中出现了一批砌筑考究、图像精美的画像砖墓,具有鲜明的时代性和地方特色。本文主要以襄阳南朝画像砖墓为研究对象,以视觉分析的研究方法讨论其营建特点,并发现画像砖的垒砌与墓葬中图像的布局直接相关。     

Where are the dead of medieval battles? A preliminary survey

Abstract

Only a handful of mass graves from late medieval battles in Western Europe have been subject to large scale excavation to modern standards. The principal reason is that these, and indeed even early modern battlefield graves, have proven extremely elusive, most being identified by chance. Despite a few successes, no combination of prospecting techniques yet provides a consistently effective method of locating such small archaeological features set almost anywhere within a site covering many square kilometres. But this important resource should be explored and conserved for, as Towton has shown, much can be learnt through modern excavation and analysis of the remains. While this paper does consider the existing archaeological record, its primary focus and the starting point for almost any search for mass graves on a battlefield, has to be the documentary record. Using this evidence one must debate the number who actually died, how they were interred and commemorated and whether this varied according to status or allegiance, and where on the battlefield the graves might lie. One must also consider how often we will need to look further afield for the dead, for it is unclear how often the desire for appropriate Christian burial meant some or even most were interred in, or later moved to, consecrated ground.     

Stable Isotope Analysis of Diet‐based Social Differentiation at Late Prehistoric Collective Burials in South‐Western Portugal

In the Neolithic and Copper Age collective burials of the Portuguese Estremadura, the majority of material culture and skeletal remains are highly commingled, making it difficult for archaeologists to evaluate social status by linking individuals with specific grave goods. In these circumstances, bio‐anthropological data about individual life histories offer an additional avenue of investigation into social complexity among prehistoric communities practising collective burial. In this study, stable isotope data were gathered from 81 individuals from seven collective burial sites and one settlement, the fortified site of Zambujal, in order to determine if significant dietary differences exist within or between burials that may point to patterns of social differentiation, both at individual sites and across the region. While in general all of the sampled individuals consumed fairly homogeneous diets based on terrestrial animal proteins and C₃ plants, this study found that statistically significant differences in δ¹³C_ap and δ¹⁵N values exist between several sites, which may indicate socially differentiated consumption of meat and plants. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found in δ¹⁵N values between adults and juveniles, which may either be attributable to protein‐restrictive child‐feeding practices or physiological processes related to skeletal growth and development.     

湖北郧县乔家院墓地出土战国及东汉铜器的成分与金相分析

2006年3 ～12月,在南水北调中线工程中,湖北省文物考古研究所等单位对郧县五峰乡乔家院墓群进行了考古勘探和发掘工作.限于考古发掘材料和学者关注度等因素,利用科技手段对该墓地出土战国及东汉时期青铜器的研究尚未见报道.同时,关于鄂西北地区出土古代青铜器的科学分析研究目前并不多见.鉴于此,本研究利用金相显微镜、XRF等方法分析了湖北省郧县乔家院墓地出土的14件战国及东汉时期铜器样品.分析表明除铜壶镶嵌丝为低锡二元(Cu-Sn)合金外,其他13件均为Cu-Sn-Pb三元合金;其制作工艺以铸造为主,另外还采用了热锻、热锻后冷加工、铜质芯撑、错红铜等工艺.以上分析数据为湖北地区战国及东汉时期青铜合金构成及成型工艺积累了相关数据.     

殷墟仿铜陶礼器墓试析

殷墟四期偏晚阶段出现仿铜陶礼器墓,其器物组合较固定,所含器类较全,学者对其认识不一。作者认为其出现有深刻的社会原因,同时又和人们的意识形态、思想变化密不可分,是人们对资源利用观念的一种转变。     

谷仓罐形制的文化演绎

随着考古发掘资料的增加和器物研究的进步,谷仓罐形制的演绎所隐含的丰富的文化内涵和广泛的历史信息得到了进一步阐释。     

魏晋南北朝瓷器纹饰三题

魏晋南北朝时期瓷容器肩腹部的装饰性纹饰带多为几何纹、植物纹及贴饰的铺首、佛像、骑马武士、仙人瑞兽等内容;堆塑罐上纹饰主要包括模拟现实生活类、虚构的祥禽瑞兽类和宗教类三种;青瓷莲花尊的出现与佛教有关,其器物上主要纹样如莲瓣、忍冬、菩提、宝相花等都直接源于佛教艺术.     

试论涪陵小田溪墓地的分期与时代

1972年以来,考古工作者在重庆涪陵小田溪发掘了9座墓葬。研究者尚未对其年代达成共识。通过分析墓葬形制和随葬器物,本文将这9座墓分为两组,第一组的年代为战国晚期,第二组的年代为秦汉之际。     

北周墓葬的地下空间与设施

本文通过对北周墓葬形制、随葬品布局、壁画内容和布局等资料的整理和总结,明确了北周墓葬地下空间与设施的特点。论文重点讨论了北周墓葬形制中最具特色的前后双室墓出现的背景和原因,壁龛设置的非制度性,壁画的象征意境,以及田弘墓的特殊性等问题。