基于康泽恩形态学的传统村落物质形态的生成与演变——以傣族弄么村为例

传统村落物质形态既是空间的产物,也是时间的产物,具有动态的历史延续性.基于康泽恩形态学的方法,本研究从物质形态与非物质形态关联互动的视角出发,分析了傣族传统村落弄么村物质形态的生成逻辑与演变过程.研究发现:①弄么村的物质形态与社会文化形态之间存在复杂的辩证关系.民间非正式组织、基层治理与弄么村的物质形态之间存在着复杂的...     

The role of classical music in the construction of nationalism: a cross‐national perspective

This paper explores the role of classical music in the construction of nationalism in the twentieth century. It takes its point of departure in the Danish composer Carl Nielsen and analyses competing interpretations and receptions of his works. The paper seeks to move beyond the single case study. Hence, it includes three additional cases: the Soviet composer Dimitry Shostacovich (particularly the reception of his 5th Symphony); the position of Paul Hindemith in the Third Reich; and finally the development in Aron Copland's oeuvre. In so doing, it aims to clarify the relationship between classical music and nationalism.     

韩国公州宋山里6号坟铭文砖释读管窥

韩国公州宋山里6号坟出土的一方铭文砖上刻有一段关于百济与中国南朝萧梁间交流的记录,现有释读存在对铭文字体及内容过度附会的情况。根据书体的比较和相关文献的检读,砖铭应为“梁宣以为师矣”,并可据此推断出墓葬筑造负责人的国籍及社会地位。     

郑和锡兰碑新考

郑和锡兰碑于1911年发现于斯里兰卡的加勒,刻有中文、泰米尔文、波斯文三种文字,记载了郑和对锡兰山佛寺的布施等事迹.今中文碑文释读已可基本明确,泰米尔文和波斯文碑文可据前人英文翻译而转译,其中波斯文碑文剥蚀严重难以全部释读.此碑原立于斯里兰卡栋德拉,后定居加勒的中国人为保护石碑将其移至加勒.碑文中的锡兰山应指锡兰国而不...     

MARGINS AND MONSTERS: HOW SOME MICRO CASES LEAD TO MACRO CLAIMS1

How do micro cases lead us to surprising macro claims? Historians often say that the micro level casts light on the macro level. This metaphor of “casting light” suggests that the micro does not illuminate the macro straightforwardly; such light needs to be interpreted. In this essay, I propose and clarify six interpretive norms to guide micro‐to‐macro inferences. I focus on marginal groups and monsters. These are popular cases in social and cultural histories, and yet seem to be unpromising candidates for generalization. Marginal groups are dismissed by the majority as inferior or ill‐fitting; their lives seem intelligible but negligible. Monsters, on the other hand, are somehow incomprehensible to society and treated as such. First, I show that, by looking at how a society identifies a marginal group and interacts with it, we can draw surprising inferences about that society's self‐image and situation. By making sense of a monster's life, we can draw inferences about its society's mentality and intelligibility. These will contest our conception of a macro claim. Second, I identify four risks in making such inferences — and clarify how norms of coherence, challenge, restraint, connection, provocation, and contextualization can manage those risks. My strategy is to analyze two case studies, by Richard Cobb, about a band of violent bandits and a semi‐literate provincial terrorist in revolutionary France. Published in 1972, these studies show Cobb to be an inventive and idiosyncratic historian, who created new angles for studying the micro level and complicated them with his autobiography. They illustrate how a historian's autobiographical, literary, and historiographical interests can mix into a risky, and often rewarding, style.     

Parcs nationaux et populations locales dans l’ouest canadien : de l’exclusion à la participation

Canadian national parks are well‐known for protecting natural areas dedicated to ‘the benefit and the enjoyment of the Canadian people’. The history of national parks illustrates the evolution of a concept of nature from functional conservation, such as tourism, to an environmental conception, based on ecosystem protection and biodiversity preservation. Banff, Waterton Lakes and Wood Buffalo National Parks in Alberta, and Kootenay National Park in British Columbia (four of the fourteen parks established before 1930, the year the National Parks Act was passed) have been chosen for this study in order to understand how national parks have dealt with local communities since the beginning of the national park movement, and how these relationships have changed during the last forty years. Inclusion of local communities and collaborative management processes have been well developed in northern Canadian parks since the mid‐eighties. These practices have been considered successful in this region, but the situation is very different in the southern parks, especially those that were created before 1930. However, things have changed since Aboriginal culture and rights have been recognized in judgements rendered by the Supreme Court of Canada and by the Canadian Constitution. In the four parks chosen for this study, involvement of local communities and the development of their participation have been slow. Round tables and participation in the creation of interpretation sites and exhibits of Aboriginal history can be considered a step toward further cooperation.     

浅议口译与笔译的区别

作为两种不同的翻译类型。口译与笔译在许多方面有着明显的差异。本文试图从工作对象、工作方式、语言运用等方面阐述口译与笔译的区别,从而对这两种翻译类型各自的特点有更清晰的认识。     

Kingdoms of the Cameroon Grassfields

The three volumes considered here offer significant contributions to studies of African kingship and contribute to an emergent political anthropology of the Grassfields. Each adopts an approach on a sliding scale of emphasis on evidence and interpretation. Fardon takes a strongly evidence-based approach, reflecting recent methodological concerns in anthropology, which invites challenge and dialogue. Warnier presents an innovative methodological paradigm which emphasizes interpretation through observation of human action in engagement with material culture. Argenti takes the view that slave raiding underpins state formation and masquerades, and presents his own interpretations in that light. His approach resonates strongly with contemporary moral concerns about the Atlantic slave trade but lacks historical evidence.     

文化遗产型景区双语解说问题与探讨——以西安为例

本文以兵马俑博物馆、西安碑林和大唐芙蓉园的解说牌为例,依据有效解说和信息创作的原则以及国际文化遗产旅游者的动机特点和需求,采用实地考察、深度访谈,中英文解说文本对比分析等方法,对这些景区的双语解说进行了研究和分析。研究发现文化遗产型景区双语解说普遍存在系统性、主题性、信息逻辑性和解说手段等问题,英语解说牌提供的信息与导游讲解提供的信息量相比有明显差异;文本分析发现翻译质量严重影响了英语解说文本的可读性,双语公示语翻译功能性差,文化因素考虑不够;深度访谈发现英语解说牌不能满足国际旅游者对被参观地遗产意义渴望了解的需求,导致了双语解说没有达到文化沟通的效果。     

荆门左塚漆梮文字补释

本对“直刚”、“几”、“烈”等提出了新的解释。