中国重点城市入境旅游空间关联网络特征及优化

基于社会网络分析方法论视角,研究了中国12个重点城市入境旅游空间网络的节点结构特征和整体结构特征,并提出了旅游空间网络结构优化相关策略。结果发现:(1)重点城市入境旅游网络节点间共有46对旅游流联系,每个节点平均与其它3.83个节点存在着旅游流集聚和扩散联系,且充当旅游网络中介者角色的平均次数为8.25次;(2)北京和上海在入境旅游空间网络中居核心地位,西安、广州和杭州居次核心,其余城市的网络地位较低;(3)重点城市入境旅游的整体网络密度较低,不均衡性较明显。最后,提出优化重点城市入境旅游网络结构的相关策略。     

流动与疏离:深圳富士康工人的都市状态

深圳富士康工人的生活方式,某个程度是一种"疏离都市状态",社会互动机会匮乏。本文从人文地理学角度,探索怎样的结构过程,让深圳富士康工人产生了社会疏离?强调疏离都市状态与劳动过程及其地理空间性有深层关系,多重尺度形构的打工体制,对农民工社会网络发展产生压抑,减少阶层流动机会,加上在企业尺度上的劳动控制因素之交互作用,产生高流动率的工作转换,加剧工人在异地的疏离状态。面对持续的打工城市化现象,我们主张必须朝民工市民化、雇佣关系正规化的方向,推进户籍制度、劳动政策和都市政策三个面向的改革议程。     

长江三角地区高速公路网络与城镇体系空间结构的分形研究

测算了长三角地区高速公路网络和城镇体系空间结构的长度维数,分枝维数、集聚维数、网格维数、关联维数等分形维数。研究表明,长三角地区:(1)高速公路网已具备分形结构特征,并以上海市为中心区域按自相似性向外延展;但路网密度尚未饱和,有待进一步加强,在连通性上还有更大发展空间;(2)城镇体系分布表现出自相似性结构,总体上仍呈空间集聚格局;但是基于220个县级城镇单位的随机分布出现了非向心性态势,说明城镇体系与高速公路网络尚未实现整合,网络需要完善;(3)地级以上城市之间的高速公路网络的联通度已经达到了甚至超过了极限水平。     

旅游产业集群网络结构及其空间相互作用研究——以杭州国际旅游综合体为例

旅游产业集群的网络构成分为核心网络与外围支持网络。旅游产业集群网络由主体、旅游资源以及旅游活动三部分组成。论文把旅游产业集群网络结构分为原子式、单核式、多核式、混合式等4种形态。论文把旅游产业集群网络结构空间相互作用分为三个层次:第一层次是核心旅游企业之间及相关旅游企业之间的竞争与合作;二是旅游企业和研究机构、地方政府、旅游中介机构及旅游投资机构之间的空间作用;三是旅游产业集群内部主体,主要是旅游企业与旅游产业集群外部成员之间的交流与互动,并以杭州国际旅游综合体为例对这三个层次的空间相互作用进行了分析。     

国际物流企业进入中国的路径及空间网络

以国际物流企业为研究对象,考察国际物流企业在中国的进入路径与空间网络构筑规律。首先,划分了国际物流企业进入中国的发展阶段,分析了其结构特征和进入扩张模式,探讨了国际物流企业进入与中国物流政策与市场门槛的关系;然后,重点考察了国际物流企业的中国网络结构,包括网络单元类型分异与功能分异,深入分析了其区位选择,重点包括企业总部和网络单元的区位选择法则与空间规律。最后,以敦豪速递为案例,分析了20世纪80年代以来在中国的网络拓展过程与区位选择的规律。本文有助于进一步考察外资在中国的网络建设与市场拓展规律。     

Meteorological influences on the spatial and temporal variability of NO2 in Toronto and Hamilton

The spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations and their relationships with meteorology was evaluated in the Toronto–Hamilton urban airshed. NO₂ concentrations were highest in the early morning and late evening. Mean concentrations were highest in winter, although individual one-hour NO₂ concentrations were found to be highest in summer. Wind direction was the strongest control on hourly NO₂ concentration, and temperature and wind speed also had an effect. Our analysis of NO₂ concentration variation by wind direction showed that areas downwind of major highways, urban centres and industry were exposed to higher pollutant concentrations. Seasonal patterns of NO₂ concentration displayed significant spatial heterogeneity, in particular, in Toronto. Onshore winds sheltered coastal inhabitants from the full extent of NO₂ exposure they would otherwise experience. Seasonal variations in meteorology and emissions mean that the degree of spatial variability in NO₂ concentrations changes from season to season. This study will help to improve existing land-use regression-based NO₂ prediction models by incorporating meteorological controls on NO₂ distributions for health effect studies.     

军阀与内阁——北洋军阀统治时期内阁阁员群体构成与分析(1916-1928)

北洋军阀统治时期,军人干政成为北京政治生活中的常态。内阁作为北京政府的最高行政机构,不仅掌握着中央财力的分配权和地方督军、巡阅使的任命权,且作为正统的合法性来源,成为军阀竞相角逐的对象。内阁阁员群体的社会结构和社会网络表明,地域因素、同学关系、亲属关系等都是影响内阁群体构成的重要因素。这表明中国在封建王朝向近代国家转变的过程中,传统社会关系对现实政治具有深刻影响。     

From Hawaii to Glasgow: The International Network for Learning and Teaching Geography in Higher Education (INLT) Five Years On

This paper examines and reflects on the activities of the International Network for Learning and Teaching Geography in Higher Education (INLT) from its founding at the Association of American Geographers' Annual Conference in Hawaii in 1999 to the post-International Geographical Congress workshop in Glasgow five years later. It provides a context and introduction to the following six papers, which resulted from the Glasgow workshop. It is suggested that, despite some of the proposals in Hawaii proving over-ambitious, several other projects have emerged and the INLT continues largely to meet the goals and purposes set out in 1999. Although the desire of the INLT to move beyond its Anglo-American and Australasian origins largely remains a challenge to be met, the INLT has established itself as a valuable forum for the geography higher education community to identify and reflect on similarities and differences in national practices, to engage in debate virtually and face-to-face on issues concerned with learning and teaching, and to bring geographers from different countries to work together on educational projects.     

Contested Self-determination: Indonesia and East Timor's Battle over Borders,International Law and Ethnic Identity

ABSTRACT

East Timor's twin experiences of colonialism established its collective identity and internally recognised rights of self-determination. Political boundaries were created through negotiated treaties between Portugal and the Netherlands, and Portuguese colonialism provided East Timor with its status as a non-self-governing territory under international law in 1960. Indonesian colonialism resulted in a discursive battle over identity as both the Indonesian government and East Timor's independence movement employed ethnocultural narratives and myths to persuade the international community of the legitimacy of their respective political claims. During debates over East Timor's political status that occurred between 1975 and 1999, Indonesia emphasised the ethnic ‘kinship’ between Indonesians and East Timorese. In contrast, East Timor's representatives emphasised cultural links with Portugal and Melanesia to prove its distinctiveness from Indonesia.     

What Use Are Units? Critical Geographies of Alcohol Policy

Abstract: This paper interrogates the multiple spatialities bound up with the consumption of units as the dominant means of diagnosing “health‐related” alcohol problems and measuring “drunkenness” in international alcohol policy and research. In order to question the power afforded to units, we work at the intersection of theoretical debates concerning biopower and governmentality; emotional, embodied and affective geographies and actor network theory. Presenting empirical research from the UK we contribute to geographical agendas that seek to consider the ontological and epistemological understandings of alcohol, drinking and drunkenness. The paper concludes by calling for dialogue between social, health and medical scientists in order to develop more pertinent ways of understanding and representing the risks and benefits of alcohol consumption.