帆船时代福州国际贸易初探

福州是福建省会,帆船时代福州国际贸易是"海丝"文化的重要组成部分,其特色是以朝贡贸易为主。福州官方主导的朝贡贸易始于后汉,发展于唐五代,明清时期福州作为郑和下西洋重要基地和中琉朝贡贸易唯一官定港口而鼎盛。郑和船队驻泊长乐和中琉贸易定点福州,奠定了福州在海外贸易史上的历史地位。国际贸易兴盛带动港口建设,贸易港从福州内河向滨江滨海发展,先后出现东冶港、甘棠港、河口港、太平港、马尾港等名港,成为"海上丝绸之路"的核心港和出发地之一。福州人有精湛的帆船制造技术,熟知天文地理,并掌握高超的航海技术。他们从事海外贸易,穿洋过海、贸迁四方,形成代代相传的海洋文化传统,这是福州国际贸易发展的重要人文因素。     

MANUSCRIPT XXXIV: ‘The feelings of friendship which We have always entertained’: Fragments of Tongan–Hawaiian Relations, 1880–8

ABSTRACT

After the Hawaiian Kingdom had played an important part as a model for Tonga's transition to a modern constitutional monarchy from the 1850s to 1870s, Tonga's government attempted to reconnect with Hawai‘i in the 1880s by suggesting a friendship treaty between the two kingdoms but then failed to follow through, despite Hawaiian enthusiasm for the project. Correspondence in the Hawai‘i State Archives, hitherto unacknowledged by historians, documents these late 19th-century fragments of Hawaiian–Tongan relations.     

The transnational one-child generation: family relationships and overseas aspiration between China and the UK

ABSTRACT

Education-motivated migration from East Asia is regarded as a family capital accumulation project where middle class families reproduce their socioeconomic advantage at a transnational level. This study focuses on one-child generation migrants from mainland China who came to study in the UK as teenagers or young adults but remained to work as professionals after their education. Caught between the British social/employment system and the Chinese family system, the one-child migrants showed a fragmented sense of belonging and a high level of uncertainty in the migration plan. The pervasive Confucian family culture in these transnational families also calls for an expanded conceptualisation of the term ‘children’ and a long-term observation of their mobility curve in the project. This paper incorporates rational motivation with human complexity in the context of transnational reality, thus it contributes to a more nuanced understanding of changing intergenerational relationships in the transnational family capital accumulation project.     

A POLYMORPHIC APPROACH TO POLICY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF ONTARIO'S ETHANOL IN GASOLINE REGULATION

This article develops a “polymorphic” approach to policy analysis, that is, an approach that draws on multiple forms of spatial reasoning. Specifically, the proposed framework deploys scale and network not merely as epistemological devices that make sense of “horizontal” and “vertical” politico‐institutional structures, but as co‐constitutive ontological processes that involve an ever‐shifting interplay among legacies, rhythms, and events. This polymorphic approach, we argue, facilitates the identification and the examination of the mobilization of social networks and of the attendant cross‐scalar interactions that must be articulated whenever a given policy is framed as a sensible and politically viable place‐based solution. The novel conceptual framework is then applied to the empirical investigation of the formulation of the complex moral, political, and economic environment that enabled the emergence of Ontario's controversial Ethanol in Gasoline Regulation. Our polymorphic approach reveals how this regulation is a (failed) attempt to reconcile Canada's legacy as a resource‐based economy and Ontario's legacy as a manufacturing‐based economy where value is added, with the need for more rational and less harmful resource extraction and for greener fuels that can sustain the current order. We build on the lessons drawn from this case study to suggest that our approach has wider applicability in that it can help create a process‐oriented, dynamic, and multi‐dimensional geography of policy‐making.     

Identity,social interaction,and networks in the region of Wisconsin’s Holyland

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on how a sense of identity, social interaction, and networks contribute to the construction and maintenance of regions. Using Wisconsin’s Holyland as a case study, we conducted fieldwork, collected primary data from residents through a survey, and utilized social network analysis (SNA) to determine how it is defined as a vernacular and functional region. While there appeared to be consensus regarding the key defining characteristics of Wisconsin’s Holyland on the surface, our data analysis revealed contrasting perceptions and definitions of the region. In addition, a SNA of self-reported social interactions by residents highlighted a complex cultural geography through the appearance of subregions and expanded borders of the region overall.     

高铁沿线旅游流网络结构及其互动关系研究——以合福高铁沿线地区为例

利用复杂网络分析方法，对合福高铁沿线城市和景区两个尺度上的旅游流网络结构和互动关系进行研究。结果表明：①合福高铁沿线旅游流网络规模大，覆盖面积广，但网络密度极低，具有显著的"中心-外围"结构；②合福高铁沿线核心旅游城市和重点旅游景区在网络中的功能突出、角色重要，其中高能级景区表现出较强的辐射效应，对周边节点具有较强的带动作用；③合福高铁沿线旅游景区之间已经形成了"一超多强"、"双核互动"和"单节点"三种合作关系，但网络中的合作关系受行政边界的屏蔽仍十分明显。