Drawing Algeria into Europe: shifting French policy and the Treaty of Rome (1951–1964)

Abstract

In France and Europe today, claims arise defining so-called Muslim and European ‘worlds’ and labelling them irreconcilable. These claims ignore the intertwined history of France and North Africa. When the six founding members of the European Economic Community (EEC) signed the Treaty of Rome, French administrators still considered Algeria to be a constituent part of France, despite the ongoing war. The Algerian question was central to negotiations for the Treaty of Rome and during them, French officials attempted to inscribe Algeria within the founding documents of the European project through a policy of ‘Eurafrique’. Their partners, eager for France’s signature on the Treaty, accepted a vision of integrated Europe with borders crossing the Mediterranean. This decision raised thorny issues in the months and years to come, first in debates of how or even if the Treaty could be implemented overseas, then when independent Algeria attempted to define its relationship with the EEC. These episodes of negotiation and interaction reveal the centrality of the question of empire to the foundations of integrated Europe.     

印度尼西亚华人与祖籍国关系及其民族融合问题：历史与现实

文章就中国侨民与祖国关系的性质和华裔公民与祖籍国关系的性质区别及其转化过程作了具体分析,对正确理解当今印度尼西亚华人民族主义精神的性质、特点以及对民族融合问题提出四点看法：（一）华裔公民在维护自身文化传统的同时,应促进实现印度尼西亚民族融合和民族建设的进程;（二）华裔公民的利益与印度尼西亚国家的利益是一致的,华人社会不可能出现＂重新中国化＂问题;（三）印度尼西亚国内的华人问题和印度尼西亚与中国的国家关系问题是两个不同性质的问题;（四）严格区分中国对待华侨与华人的政策。中国与印度尼西亚华人的关系基于民族感情和文化传统,不要依据政治意识形态来划分华人社会的不同群体。     

文化景观结构的地域整合与旅游开发——以徐州汉文化景观为例

由文化景观结构地域整合研究的理论背景出发,以徐州汉文化为例,分析了徐州汉文化景观的结构及其形成的地理历史基础;从文化地理的角度,系统论述了徐州汉文化景观结构的地域整合与历史演变过程,并划分为四个时期;最后,就徐州汉文化景观结构的地域整合对旅游开发的意义作了阐述。     

农业结构调整的制度环境与在广东的实践

积极推进农业和农村结构调整,增加农民收入,是目前农业经济研究的核心问题。本文认为:农业结构调整的关键是必须做到构建好制度平台,改革农业组织结构,发挥区域资源、市场需求与技术创新等各种优势,及时转变观念。并以广东为案例,实证分析了农业结构调整的四种模式:建立土地流转机制、公司+农户模式、发展外向型农业经济、以政府为主导调整等。     

蒙晋陕豫交界地带旅游开发研究

本文从蒙晋陕豫交界地带旅游资源禀赋、旅游开发环境特点分析入手,探讨了旅游开发对实现交界地带经济综合开发的重要意义;总结了交界地带内部各区域板块旅游资源开发现状及其社会经济效应;揭示了本地带旅游开发中存在的主要问题及症结所在。最后,在上述研究此基础上,提出创新旅游合作机制的命题,并从一体化角度探索推进交界地带旅游开发合作的有效途径。     

利益主体多元化背景下的区域经济一体化

区域经济一体化是经济发展的客观要求,中国区域经济一体化进程滞后已成为影响整个经济持续发展的重要因素。改革开放的过程是多元利益主体形成的过程,在现有的制度体系内,追求地方利益的最大化成为影响区域经济一体化进程的重要阻力。区域经济一体化需要均衡的利益格局,制度变迁是实现利益均衡的重要途径。     

北宋时期的西京洛阳

宋代洛阳城已由原来的坊市分离制,嬗变成新的坊市合一制;由于水土气候方面的优越条件和历史、政治等原因,宋代洛阳园林之盛成为一大特色;宋代洛阳又是官僚麋集的城市,官僚集团中一些政见相同,利用会社组织,形成左右政局的政治力量。会社组织活跃,是其又一特色;宋代洛阳的经济远不如它在政治、园林方面的地位重要,但与开封之外的其他城市相比,亦属较为发达,是一个典型的消费城市。     

国际博物馆理论研究的分化与整合——博物馆研究的两条思想路线札记

博物馆发展中的分化与整合不是孤立的,它是博物馆在适应社会发展大环境中产生的分歧,并且形成了两条各有侧重的思想路线:一条是以博物馆功能为基础的专业化路线,另一条是以博物馆职能为基础的社会化路线。当前,这两条思想路线正在新整合理论的整合下进行新的探索和实践。     

Vulnerabilities of Highly Skilled Immigrants in Canada and the United States

Despite similar permanent status immigration categories (Economic, Family, and Refugee), the experiences of skilled immigrants in Canada and the United States are quite different. The point system used to select applicants for the Economic Class in Canada makes skilled immigrants vulnerable to a number of perils after the migrant lands. Foreign credentials and work experience are discounted by Canadian employers, who also impose a discriminatory income penalty on minorities. While previous cohorts of Economic Class migrants may have been warned of these perils via reliable migrant networks, new Canadian research suggests that recent cohorts have no such safety net. This article examines the economic integration experiences of Economic Class migrants in the United States in light of the Canadian experiences. The vulnerabilities reported in Canada do not appear to be transferable to the United States, because immigration policy in the US stresses pre-landing employment commitments via employer sponsorship. Accordingly, prospective Economic Class migrants to the United States do not migrate without first knowing how their credentials and “minority status” will affect employment opportunities. However, for the 85,000 skilled workers admitted to the United States on H-1B temporary visas each year, the perils noted in the Canadian experience are relevant, as are a number of additional concerns.