我国中小工业企业技术创新途径的实证研究——基于兰州中小企业的调查

本文以企业问卷和访谈相结合的方式调查了兰州中小工业企业技术改进的状况及途径。兰州几乎所有被调查企业的主要生产技术自建立以来得到了改进。当地企业的创新主要为二次创新,且二次创新主要是对次要而非核心技术的创新。技术引进是当地企业技术改进的主要途径,其中引进更先进的设备是当地最有效的技术改进途径。作者认为企业创新方式受其经济实力和相对技术差距的影响,区域应视其经济、科技发展水平等而采取不同的科技政策。     

Diffusion and kinetic control of weathering layer development

The formation of porous weathering rinds (layers of chemical alteration) on the exterior of rocks is a consequence of dissolution and precipitation of minerals occurring at the mineral–fluid interface within the pores. The speed at which the developed rind advances is controlled by both kinetic reaction rates and the transport of reaction products away from the pore spaces into the outside fluid. We show, using both reaction‐diffusion theory and numerics, that under diffusion limitations, the weathering rate depends on the size and curvature of the sample. This leads to a relationship between rind thickness, δ, and age, t. As the rind thickens, the result in three dimensions differs substantially from the one‐dimensional result of . We describe the conditions under which the one‐dimensional and diffusion‐limited approximations apply and how they evolve as the rock weathers. Under chemical kinetic limitations, the rind advances at a constant rate, dδ/dt = v. We defend the application of a spherical approximation to irregular non‐spherical rocks and apply our results to field observations reported in the literature to show consistency with established methods. Finally, we argue that the variability in size, as well as in mineralogy, over ensembles of grains contributes to heterogeneous weathering rates. We demonstrate that this heterogeneity can contribute to the aging, or gradual decrease with time, of weathering rates previously observed in laboratory and field measurements.     

Intervention publique sur le développement de grappes industrielles au Québec

This article describes the conditions for the development of four industrial clusters and the mechanisms of their integration in the regional economy. The case studies are the aerospace and apparel clusters in Montreal, and the agri‐food and marine science and technology clusters in the Lower St. Lawrence region. Clusters are defined as arrangements of businesses, government actors, public authorities, and local intermediary organizations in a local area. However, the study shows that clusters are based on actors and processes operating at different scales, from the local to the global. It also shows the importance of the sectoral leadership acknowledged by the different stakeholders.     

Spatial dimensions increase the effect of cultural drift

The transition from hunter-gathering to agriculture (Neolithic) spread gradually across Europe from the Southeast. A reduction in cultural diversity of crop farming practices has been previously observed by comparing pre-LBK Neolithic sites in Greece and the Balkans (dated about 8500 yr BP) to LBK Neolithic sites in Central Europe (dated about 7000 yr BP). The decrease in crop diversity is statistically significant even when considering only the species less likely to have been subject to smaller productivity due to climatic factors (reductions in growing season, temperature, daylight, etc.). This reduction in cultural diversity has not been explained previously. In this paper we show that spatial drift, which occurred on the front of the advancing wave of pioneer settlements, can explain the observed loss of diversity during the LBK range expansion. Our results suggest that spatial dimensions can have a relevant effect also in other case studies in which cultural drift is important.     

制度视域下的“包容性增长”

＂包容性增长＂立足的是近几年发展观的变革,是一种发展模式认识上的提炼和升华。在过去几十年里,中国在经济增长上取得了全球瞩目的成就,GDP增长迅猛,但公共产品的供给方面却明显滞后,不平等现象也在增加。作为全球经济发动机和模板,中国实现复兴面临的下一个挑战就是需要成为包容性增长的模板和先锋,没有包容性增长就不会有和谐社会。     

浅谈如何培养学生创新能力

随着素质教育的实施,传统的教学模式也迫切需要改革。教师在课堂教学中寻找发展学生创新能力的有效途径及培养学生创新能力也成为时代的主旋律。     

品牌创新的文化效应刍议

在经济全球化、国际竞争日趋激烈的新形式下,品牌的培育与发展已经成为各国进行经济扩张和提升国际竞争力的重要战略措施。为了保持品牌的持久活力,就要对品牌进行时时更新,即要进行品牌创新。提升企业的品牌竞争力,已经成为企业致胜的关键,而提升企业品牌竞争力的关键在于品牌创新。本文以现有品牌理论为基础,首先界定了品牌创新效应的含义,具体分析了品牌创新的必要性,然后分析品牌创新所带来的文化效应,从产品文化效应、企业文化效应、社会文化效应三方面进行进一步的分析,最后提出了提升品牌创新文化效应的建议。从文化效应的角度,对品牌创新有了一个深刻的认识和理解。     

对提升地市级党报舆论引导力的思考

本文分析了地市级党报的优势、特点及面临的新情况、新形势,结合《格尔木日报》的实践,从准确把握舆论导向、创新办报理念、创新办报模式、创新管理机制等方面,就提升地市级党报舆论引导力进行了探讨。     

对青海资源型企业技术创新生态化的思考

技术创新生态化强调的是在促进经济增长的同时,又不破坏生态环境,它对企业的进一步发展和地区经济可持续发展有着重要作用。本文依据技术创新生态化理论,分析了青海资源型企业技术创新生态化的必要性,结合青海资源型企业的实际,提出了青海资源型企业技术创新生态化的建议。     

浅议西部地方党报的创新发展

本文从当前我国西部地方党报发展的现状入手,分析西部地方党报在新时期发展过程中所面临的诸多困难和挑战,提出创新是西部地方党报摆脱困境,实现自我生存和发展的主要任务,并从办报理念、转变观念、新闻策划、版面改革、管理模式,以及向内地先进报业集团学习、加强队伍建设等方面进行了深入探讨,认为唯有不断创新,我国西部地方党报才能有一片广阔的发展天地。