近二十年来我国学术界关于世界近代史分期问题的研究

世界近代史分期问题是世界史研究领域的一个极其重大的理论课题.八十年代以来,我国学术界围绕世界近代史的基本定义、特点、研究对象、分期的标准与依据、上下限和内部分期等问题进行了深入的研究,提出了许多新的观点.     

One Hundred Years of Archaeology in Niger

This paper considers, under rough chronological headings, work undertaken in Niger in the past century. Sites relevant to the Pleistocene occupation of the Sahara, to the adoption of elements of a Neolithic package, to the (perhaps misleadingly late) occupation of the Sahel, to alleged metalworking 3000 years ago, and to social complexity, are described and discussed. These data carry a relevance far beyond their immediate area, and the most fruitful application of the archaeology of Niger is to be found in theoretical rethinking.     

基于顶点城市的三角洲双核型空间结构形成演化研究

三角洲顶点城市是基于城市区位和三角洲自然环境演变特征而提出的经济地理概念,此类城市的存在具有一定的广泛性。在多个三角洲,此类城市与门户港城之间由多种运输方式连接,形成了三角洲顶点城市-门户城市这样一种新型的双核型空间结构空间组合类型,并且,该双核结构沿线经济要素密集,是三角洲区域经济发展的首要轴线。基于对我国多个三角洲的实证分析,提出了此类双核型空间结构的广泛存在性,认为其形成伴随着海岸线变迁等三角洲自然环境要素的演化,并且,在这一双核型空间结构形成演化进程中,部分三角洲顶点城市经历了区域功能和地位的转化,现代开放经济条件下,作为三角洲门户的港口城市往往在短时间内超越了顶点城市。在此基础上,本文探索了三角洲双核型空间结构的形成机理,对其形成演化的进程进行了归纳总结。     

长江三角洲的史前环境

本文系统论述了晚更新世末期以来至有文字记录的历史之前长江三角洲地区的环境和史前文化的互动关系。     

当前困扰党内和谐的突出问题及对策探析

党内和谐在社会和谐中处于核心位置。当前,党内和谐建设面临着一些突出的问题,而切实解决这些问题必须坚持党执政兴国的第一要务,大力发展社会生产力,注重协调党内不同主体之间的利益关系;必须构建和谐的党内文化,切实巩固党内和谐建设的思想基础;必须建立和完善保证党内和谐的有效机制。     

故宫中和殿某中金檩断裂分析

勘查发现,故宫中和殿明间某中金檩在与上部爬梁相交位置出现局部断裂,造成下部中金枋产生较大挠度.为探明该中金檩产生断裂的原因,采取理论计算与数值模拟相结合的方法,对中金檩、中金枋体系进行了分析.基于榫卯连接边界条件的特征,分别考虑中金檩与中金枋叠合、中金檩与中金枋分离、中金檩完全断裂等三种工况,建立了中金檩-枋体系的受力模型,进行了静力分析,获得了中金檩、中金枋的变形及内力分布特征,讨论了中金檩断裂破坏的影响因素.结果表明:由于中金檩在爬梁作用位置截面削弱,造成中金檩自身拉、压、弯承载力不足,从而导致中金檩产生断裂;中金檩与中金枋分离条件下,中金檩断裂造成的中金枋内力增加,且比檩枋叠合条件更明显;中金檩完全断裂后,将造成中金枋内力及变形剧增,威胁中金枋安全.因此,对中金檩采取及时有效的加固措施极其重要.研究结果将为中金枋采取加固措施提供理论参考.     

"腐败有益论"的内在逻辑及其风险

“腐败有益论”的内在逻辑是:制度是僵化的、封闭的、缺乏民主支持的、一次博弈形成的,因此一定量的腐败可以起到“润滑剂”的作用。承认“腐败有益论”,必然侵蚀制度的合法性、刚性和社会心理基础,从而加速政权的衰亡。制度的改进只能依靠政权自身的民主和理性力量。承认“腐败有益论”是饮鸩止渴。     

西安市国内游客地域结构及旅游行为研究

通过对西安市大雁塔、碑林、兴庆公园和植物园4个景点,上千份问卷的调查分析研究,总结了西安市国内游客的地域结构及旅游行为,从中发现国内旅游一些重要的规律性的结论;它可为国内旅游研究提供第一手资料,同时为旅游资源开发,客源预测及旅游管理提供重要科学依据。     

论西汉的内朝政治

西汉内朝的出现是皇帝专制发展的产物。具备内朝官资格的官员大致有将军、大司马、领尚书事、光禄勋、司隶校尉、大夫、博‘、给事中、诸吏、诸曹、侍中、散骑、等等,而他们自身与内朝的关系也是复杂多样的。     

Dia Shoma (Mali), a medieval cemetery in the inner Niger delta

The aim of this paper is to compare burial typology from Dia Shoma medieval cemetery (Mali) with previously documented funerary practices of the inner Niger delta in order to expand our knowledge of the mortuary rituals once practised in this region. Considering archaeological resources from an anthropological viewpoint provides us with new information about human migration, settlement, cultural affiliation and way of life. From this point of view, especially for the period between 800 and 1000 AD, Dia Shoma offers much insight into the history of this cultural melting pot. Dia Shoma is of particular interest in regards to migration in the Western Sahara region. The burials of Dia Shoma have been characterized by morphometrical features as well as associated funeral practices. The different types of burials that coexist at Dia Shoma indicate a region of cultural diversity. Along with the existence of different kinds of tombs, an increase in various archaeological remains lends evidence towards a community co‐occupied by herders, fishermen and farmers. The change in the association of funerary practices around 1000 AD could be interpreted as an indirect disturbance to the former socio‐economic trade and cultural exchange, possibly triggered by the fall of the Empire of Ghana under the influence of the Almoravides. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.