城市舒适性视角下长春市创新产出的空间特征及影响因素

基于长春市2009—2018年专利授权数，以城市街道为创新产出基本分析单元，从城市舒适性视角探讨城市创新产出的空间格局及其影响因素。研究发现：2009—2018年长春市城市内部创新发展差异逐渐增大，局部区域相对均衡，整体呈现“西南集聚，东南分散”的空间特征；创新产出的空间单元数量逐渐增多，并形成“北低南高，四大核心”的空间格局；且伴随显著的高值集聚现象，企业、大学与研究机构的空间聚集性促进了知识溢出效应；城市舒适性对于长春市创新产出的空间集聚有一定影响，休闲舒适性因子与长春市创新产出的空间分布整体相关性较强。     

Adaptation in cultural industry under conservation pressure: case study of two Chinese embroidery clusters

Abstract

In this study, we explore how tension between ‘culture’ and ‘industry’ can be effectively dealt with in promoting cultural industry, taking the Chinese embroidery sector as an example. The diverging performance of two leading centers of Chinese embroidery production suggests that local adaptive and networking capabilities are essential in creating a new path out of the tension, and these capabilities are largely determined by local openness/flexibility, entrepreneurship, and linkage capacity. In Changsha, cultural conservatism prevails, and the local embroidery sector largely maintains traditional product styles and target customers, sticking to the historic path. It is in question, however, whether such a strong bias toward the high-culture segment of the industry is good for cultural heritage protection in the long run, given that the industry at standstill has faced increasing challenges in sustaining a solid local pool of skilled labor. In contrast, Suzhou’s local embroidery sector has actively responded to the changing market environment, through increased product segmentation and customization as well as intra/cross-industry collaboration. Such a flexible, scale-up strategy has helped the industry attract local talent and meet the market demand, while maintaining space for high-end artistic products.     

Fast Nonlinear Analysis of Traditional Chinese Timber-Frame Building with Dou-Gon

ABSTRACT

This article presents a study of the applicability of fast nonlinear analytical (FNA) models in predicting the global response of Chinese traditional timber-frame building with Dou-Gon under seismic excitation. Efforts are made to overcome challenges in establishing simplified calculation models, and the corresponding dynamic equations are derived considering the mechanical behavior of sliding column root, mortise-tenon joint and Dou-Gon (bracket sets). Furthermore, nonlinear time-history analysis is conducted under different seismic excitations. Through a verification study, a good correspondence is obtained with previous shake-table test results. Seismic response analysis is also conducted to investigate the energy dissipation of column root sliding, mortise-tenon joint, and Dou-Gon. Subsequently, peak responses of column root and roof under increased values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are also analyzed. And then, seismic isolation ability and damping characteristics of the model are discussed.     

Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2019–2020 has the potential to transform the tourism industry as well as the context in which it operates. This global crisis in which travel, tourism, hospitality and events have been shut down in many parts of the world, provides an opportunity to uncover the possibilities in this historic transformative moment. A critical tourism analysis of these events briefly uncovers the ways in which tourism has supported neoliberal injustices and exploitation. The COVID-19 pandemic crisis may offer a rare and invaluable opportunity to rethink and reset tourism toward a better pathway for the future. ‘Responsible’ approaches to tourism alone, however, will not offer sufficient capacity to enable such a reset. Instead, such a vision requires a community-centred tourism framework that redefines and reorients tourism based on the rights and interests of local communities and local peoples. Theoretically, such an approach includes a way tourism could be ‘socialised’ by being recentred on the public good. This is essential for tourism to be made accountable to social and ecological limits of the planet.     

基于氮气吸附法的古代丝织品纳米孔隙研究方法初探

孔隙不仅是纤维骨架的一部分，也是外界物质进出的重要通道。目前，关于古代丝织品纳米孔隙结构的相关研究极少，仅有孔径一项评价指标，较为单一。实验采用红外光谱法和电子顺磁共振波谱法研究古代丝织品的降解特征，在此基础上采用低温氮气吸附法表征蚕丝纤维内部固有的孔隙结构，首次从孔形、孔径分布、比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径、分形维数等多个角度对古代丝织品的微观孔隙结构进行综合研究。研究结果表明：与现代丝织品相比，清代黄山样品、北宋南陵样品及战国郴州样品的劣化程度依次加深。孔结构分析显示，所有样品中同时含有狭缝形孔和圆筒形孔，孔隙具有连续性，表明蚕丝内部存在复杂的多级结构。其中，劣化程度较高的北宋和战国样品内部存在更多的大孔或开放性孔隙。Barrett-Joyner-Halenda(BJH)法和非定域密度泛函(NLDFT)法的研究结果显示，样品孔隙以介孔为主，孔径主要分布在20 nm以下，最可几孔径基本稳定在2.8 nm左右，为蚕丝内部的有序孔。比表面积和孔体积的研究结果表明，劣化程度较轻的黄山样品具有较高的比表面积，其孔体积的增加主要来源于小孔，南陵样品和郴州样品孔体积的增加主要来源于大孔。分形维数的...     

Embracing the future: path transformation and system reconfiguration for self-driving cars in West Sweden

ABSTRACT

The past years have witnessed a surge of academic interest into how new industrial paths are developed in regions. Transformation processes of existing regional industries have received less attention. This article focuses on radical innovation-based renewal processes of established paths and investigates how regional innovation systems are tackling challenges related to path transformation. Drawing on insights from the regional and technological innovation systems literatures, we develop an analytical framework that elucidates the relation between path transformation and system reconfiguration. The framework suggests that regional innovation system elements are created or adapted to (i) target the build-up of system functions regionally; (ii) link up to system functions in other locations, and (iii) transplant system functions from elsewhere. The analytical framework is applied to a case study of the transformation of the automotive industry in West Sweden towards self-driving cars. The empirical analysis provides support for the importance of the three types of system reconfiguration and emphasises the relevance of different types of assets. Furthermore, it highlights how actors tend to utilise previous networks and positions in global innovation systems rather than turning to the development of system functions regionally as the ‘default option’ of system reconfiguration.