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31.
Michiel de Nooij 《International Journal of Cultural Policy》2013,19(3):249-264
A European Directive stipulates that at least 10% of programmes broadcast by each European broadcaster must be produced by an independent producer. By stimulating independent productions the European Union and the Dutch government aim to improve the quality of television programmes. In 1997, the Netherlands increased this requirement to 25%. This paper evaluates the policy, using a unique Dutch dataset that includes all independent productions appearing on public television from 1996 until 2000. We show that: (i) the producers are highly specialised; (ii) programming is volatile; (iii) entry of new firms is substantially reducing average rates of turnover; (iv) the producers who lobbied for the higher quota were losing market share and were relatively well‐organised. Therefore, the outsourcing requirement does not lead to the desired levels of stable production by individual producers and it is unlikely to be an effective instrument. 相似文献
32.
Richard Sutherland 《International Journal of Cultural Policy》2013,19(3):366-381
This article investigates the role of Canadian municipal governments in relation to the development of music industry policy. It examines two attempts by Canadian cities (Calgary and Toronto) to develop municipally based music policies. Both cases are examined in context of the policies of other levels of government in Canada, where municipalities have not generally played a significant role in addressing the music industry. Historically, music industry policy has been a concern of federal government policies. The article addresses how this creates a particular conception of the industry and the extent to which municipal policies need to challenge this in order to be effective. Further, the article examines some of the other factors that constrain and shape the ability of Canadian municipalities to intervene in this field. 相似文献
33.
Y. H. Dennis Wei 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2011,93(3):237-251
This article attempts to advance the research on industrial districts and regional development through a study of the restructuring of the clothing industry in Wenzhou Municipality, a regional driver of the Chinese economy. Wenzhou is known for the Wenzhou model of development traditionally centred on family‐owned small businesses embedded in local institutions. The clothing industry is one of the leading industries in Wenzhou, and a cluster with national significance has emerged, where most of the production components can be purchased locally. However, the industry has been scaled up nationally and internationally, with the expansion of sales networks and production facilities across China, and to a lesser extent, abroad. This restructuring has changed the endogenous nature of industrial clusters/districts. The restructuring challenges the orthodox notion of the Wenzhou model and the New Regionalism literature, particularly the orthodox notion of Marshallian industrial districts that overly emphasizes small firms and local assets, and the global production network perspective that highlights coupling with global lead firms in regional development. 相似文献
34.
Markus Hassler 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2004,95(2):206-217
The increasing consolidation and concentration of retailing in developed countries has been a major theme within the commodity chain literature. In particular, the emergence of buyer‐driven commodity chains was predominantly linked to the increasing market power of retailers and brand‐name companies in countries such as the United States, the UK, France and Germany. However, the market and retailing structures of developing countries has so far been largely neglected in the commodity chain literature. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the structural components of clothing retailing in Indonesia and to unravel the governance and inter‐firm relationships within the clothing commodity chain of the Indonesian domestic market. 相似文献
35.
CHUN YANG HAIFENG LIAO 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2010,101(2):199-217
In the new era of globalisation, participation in the global production network (GPN) initiated by transnational corporations (TNC) has created upgrading possibilities for local firms in developing countries, through the backward linkages of TNCs. Drawing upon the GPN approach with emphasis on its conceptualisation of embeddedness, this study demonstrates that cross‐border production networks of Taiwanese PC investment in Dongguan could be regarded as an exclusive network, which is characterised by closed backward linkages with pre‐established Taiwanese electronics suppliers while relatively weak ties with local suppliers in Dongguan. One of the results is that cross‐border production of Taiwanese PC investment has not substantially brought about industrial upgrading of Dongguan over the past two decades, which is different from previous empirical experiences of TNC‐driven clusters in other countries and regions in East Asia. 相似文献
36.
JAVIER BILBAO‐UBILLOS 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2010,101(3):357-363
This paper takes the framework of the ‘economics of proximity’ to distinguish between territory‐based and agent‐based proximity approaches in dealing with the dynamic interaction between changes in the organisation of production on the one hand and the role of territory on the other. The paper sets out to determine which of these approaches works best to explain the main changes carried out in the most recent configuration of value chain in the European automotive industry. 相似文献
37.
by Mattias Spies 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2009,91(3):257-273
High population mobility, mainly in the form of out-migration, is a characteristic feature of the post-Soviet Russian North. As subsidies from the centre were significantly cut, living standards and the number of inhabitants in many Russian peripheries declined considerably. Nevertheless, there are also prospering regions and industry sectors in these parts of Russia, which are often related to and dependent on the exploitation of natural resources. After introducing general Soviet and post-Soviet mobility and migration patterns in the north of Russia, this article examines the mobility behaviour of oil workers. The analyses are based on a case study of an oil company (SeverTEK) from the Komi Republic and incorporate different statistical approaches. The purpose of the study is to assess past, present and future mobility behaviour of those in northern regions who are benefitting from post-Soviet transition and will most likely contribute most to a positive development of the Russian North. The results show that the surveyed employees of SeverTEK have migrated in the past mainly from Siberia, the Far East, and the now independent countries of the former Soviet Union to northern and central parts of European Russia. The present mobility behaviour is strongly characteristic of shift work employment with long-distance commuting. An analysis of intended migration indentifies strong potentials for future migrations among the oil workers of the case study. It appears that many employees are ready to leave northern regions as soon as their job situation allows it. Therefore, unlike in other resource peripheries such as Western Australia, long-distance commuting is in Russia not used as a decentralization measure; instead it offers opportunities for reducing the problematically high population density of the post-Soviet North. 相似文献
38.
Western firms engaged in mass retailing and in product assembly make frequent changes to their global production networks (GPNs). Indeed, some GPNs show a tendency to hypermobility, which we define as a rapid switching of economic links among manufacturers, importers, and retailers. This theme is explored in the context of the Canadian bicycle industry where domestic production collapsed between 1980 and 2008, following a century of remarkable stability. After a period of flux when Taiwan was the key player, China has emerged as the dominant original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of bicycles sold in Canada, with big‐box stores accounting for the great majority of sales. We connect this increasing fluidity in supply arrangements and in the global organization of the industry with the governance of these GPNs. Several aspects of governance are considered, including the Sloanist practices of the largest Canadian retailers, and the activist role of the Chinese state in directing regional patterns of manufacturing in China. 相似文献
39.
John Holmes 《The Canadian geographer》1997,41(1):7-25
This paper focuses on the strategies for production and work reorganization pursued in the Canadian newsprint industry during the 1990s. Many newsprint mill managers view new pulping technologies and increased labour process flexibility as the important keys to success in their never-ending quest to remain competitive in the U.S. market. These strategies are discussed in the context of two underlying themes: the nature of the particular competitive pressures faced by Canadian newsprint producers in the early 1990s and the specific nature of the labour process in newsprint mills. Evidence points to the central importance of achieving functional labour flexibility in newsprint mills and to the fact that numerical labour flexibility is not a viable strategy, given the continuous-process nature of the industry.
The Economics of Production, Technological Change, and Cost Competitiveness in the Newsprint Industry
Work Practices and Labour Conventions in the Newsprint Industry
Flexibility and the Quest for Competitive Efficiency in Canadian Newsprint Mills 相似文献
The Economics of Production, Technological Change, and Cost Competitiveness in the Newsprint Industry
Work Practices and Labour Conventions in the Newsprint Industry
Flexibility and the Quest for Competitive Efficiency in Canadian Newsprint Mills 相似文献
40.
Peter Cabus 《Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie = Journal of economic and social geography = Revue de géographie économique et humaine = Zeitschrift für ?konomische und soziale Geographie = Revista de geografía económica y social》2000,91(1):3-19
Models are useful instruments to understand and explain reality. The modeller is looking for a model that, at the same time, represents spatial organisation in the most efficient, the most reliable and the most powerful way. This can only be obtained, however, when the modeller has a precise conception of the processes at stake. The starting point of the choreme model as Brunet conceived it is precisely the formulation of explicit hypotheses about the spatial organisation of society. In these hypotheses, the principle of dominance plays a major role. The choreme model was used to represent the networked territory that is the result of corporate strategy behind the network enterprise between Belgian car manufacturers and their supplying industry. The eventual model reveals that besides the principle of dominance, to which the car manufacturers’ decision power has to be assigned, the historically acquired territorial know-how is the foundation of the geographical structure. 相似文献