浙江明清契约文书研究综述

自20世纪80年代以来,明清土地契约文书越来越被学者所关注,逐渐成为显学,其中以傅衣凌、杨国祯等为代表。当时他们的目光主要集中在徽州、福建等地的契约文书上,浙江的契约文书仅被零星提到。随着研究的不断深入,一批浙江地方契约文书的专辑、图录及相关论述纷纷面世,如宁波、绍兴、松阳等地契约整理研究的成果。民间契约文书的整理研究,是相当辛苦的一项工作,但意义重大。浙江省博物馆藏有大量的契约文书,目前正在整理当中。在此,对近年来浙江明清契约文书的搜集、整理和研究情况作一梳理回顾,以便为将来进一步的研究提供参考与借鉴。     

海外华商近年投资中国的强势成长与深刻变化

论文分析阐述了改革开放以来侨商与外商在华投资格局的大变动情况、侨资强势成长的原因以及中国经济转型下的侨资企业在国际竞争中走向新格局的现状和特点。认为海外华商对中国大陆的投资,近八年来强势增长,亚洲华商在中国外商直接投资中的比重逐年稳定上升;欧美日韩企业对华投资的比重则在下降。海外华商平均投资额也大幅度增加,超过欧美日韩企业的水平。究其原因是多方面的,既受世界经济大环境特别是全球FDI趋势的影响,也与中国经济发展态势密切相关,还与海外华商的投资与经营特点相关。在中国经济转型过程中,日益本土化的趋势使侨资企业全面融入中国经济脉动之中,一批华商品牌在中国本土成长起来。国内外资本市场的发展,推动了侨资传统产业的资本形成与技术升级,侨资科技产业与战略性新兴产业异军突起。侨资企业优胜劣汰,呈现新的格局与国际竞争力。     

二战前新加坡华人基督教教育探析

论文以二战前新加坡华人基督教教育为研究对象,初步考证了新加坡华人教会创办学校的历史,分析了影响新加坡华人基督教教育发展的主要因素、新加坡华人教会办学宗旨的转变以及这一转变所产生的效果。认为二战以前的华人基督教教育对教会在新加坡华人社会中传播起到了重要的促进作用。新加坡华人社会在各个时期所呈现的不同特点,也成为影响教会教育,乃至基督教传播的关键因素。正是基于华人社会的变迁,1885年前后卫理公会调整了教会学校的办学宗旨,从而使新加坡华人基督教得到了长足的发展。     

四川广汉龙居寺中殿壁画制作材料与工艺研究

广汉龙居寺中殿壁画为四川地区明代建筑壁画中精品。为了解该壁画制作材料与工艺,采用显微观察、激光粒度仪分析、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、酶联免疫等方法,对样品结构形态和材料组成进行了分析。结果表明:该壁画载体为编竹夹泥墙结构。地仗层泥土颗粒矿物成分主要为石英、钠长石,颗粒组成墙体壁画以粉粒为主、砂粒次之,垫拱板壁画粗泥层比细泥层砂粒含量偏低、粉粒含量偏高;加筋材料粗泥层为稻草秸秆、谷壳等,细泥层为棉或麻纤维。颜料层显色成分为古代壁画常见矿物颜料,红色为朱砂、铅丹,绿色为氯铜矿、副氯铜矿,白色为方解石、滑石,黑色为炭黑,蓝色为石青,黄色为针铁矿,胶料为动物胶或蛋清。该壁画在四川地区明代建筑壁画制作材料与工艺上具有典型性,主要体现在载体结构类型、地仗层材料组成、颜料层显色成分等方面。研究成果不仅可为该壁画后期保护修复提供依据,而且丰富了对四川地区明代建筑壁画的认识。     

中国中西部地区就近城镇化空间演变及类型分异

就近城镇化是中西部地区协同推进新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略要求的现实路径选择。通过构建就近城镇化空间演变类型划分方法,从整体区域和城市群两个尺度,分析2000—2015年中西部地区就近城镇化的空间类型分异特征。研究发现：(1)整体区域尺度,中西部地区就近城镇化水平持续上升,东西差异不断加大、南北差异不断减小,本县优势型空间单元占主体;且可划分为17种空间演变类型,其中,中水平正增长本县优势型、低水平正增长本县优势型、高水平正增长本县优势型和低水平正增长本镇优势型是主导类型;(2)城市群尺度,中西部城市群地区的就近城镇化发展水平和增长速度远高于非城市群地区,且呈现明显的群际分异和群内分异,且城市群地区的就近城镇化空间演变类型可划分为多峰—多重尺度、多峰—中长尺度、多峰—中小尺度、单峰—中长尺度、单峰—小尺度等5种模式。     

Gift Exchange and Interpretations of Captain Cook in the Traditional Kingdoms of the Hawaiian Islands

The relationship between the kanaka maoli people of the traditional kingdoms of the Hawaiian Islands and Captain James Cook and his crew is interpreted in the context of a theory of gift exchange. It is argued that interpretations of kanaka maoli behaviour based on an implicit assumption that social relations were structured primarily by property rights leads to error. Instead, sense can be made of kanaka maoli behaviour only if a logic based on rights of person is taken into account.     

Female representation in the higher education of geography in Hungary

This paper charts the changing female representation in the higher education of geography, connecting it with the faltering development of feminist geography in Hungary. The transition from socialism to capitalism has compounded gender inequalities while many of the relevant statistical data display gender blindness. Gender issues fail to form a coherent part of national political debates while women's opportunities in Hungarian higher education and research have only recently been examined. Constraints on issues of equal opportunities within Hungarian geography are discussed.     

Concerns,Attitudes, and Abilities of Early-Career Geography Faculty

Professional experiences during graduate school through the first few years of an academic appointment shape patterns of work and social behavior that prefigure the long-term success of new faculty members, including prospects for tenure and promotion. We explore these experiences through interviews and surveys with a sample of early-career faculty in postsecondary American geography. Our analysis reveals that teaching is the primary source of anxiety among new professors, many of whom begin their first academic positions with little or no preparation in learning theory, course design, or pedagogy. Many new faculty members struggle to maintain healthy personal and family lives, while adjusting to unfamiliar norms of their new institutions. New professors benefit from support offered by their department chairpersons and from working in collegial environments. Among women, we found a greater sense of self-doubt about their scholarly abilities and futures despite having records comparable in accomplishment to their male peers. Many women cope with this sense of marginalization by forming supportive mentoring relationships with other women faculty on campus and through disciplinary specialty groups. Networking with colleagues on campus and at academic conferences enhances the job performance and satisfaction of all faculty members irrespective of gender. Our findings underscore the importance of examining the social, professional, and disciplinary contexts of higher education to acquire a broader understanding of faculty development. This knowledge can help departments prepare new faculty for successful and satisfying academic careers.     

Science and the History of the Sciences. Conceptual Innovations Through Historicizing Science in the Eighteenth Century

Science and the History of the Sciences. Conceptual Innovations Through Historicizing Science in the Eighteenth Century. The historical reconstruction of science is linked to philosophical discussions of the eighteenth century in many ways. The historiography of philosophy and the historiography of science share the conceptual problem to assemble the multitude of scientific and philosophical practices under general concepts. The historical analysis of scientific progress offers a clue by problematizing definitions of “science” and “sciences” as well as the system of sciences as a whole. By analyzing these conceptual problems and the typology of historical enterprises of the eighteenth century, this paper will discuss the close interrelations which existed between philosophical and historical discourses of eighteenth‐century reflection on science.     

Video annotation software application for thorough collaborative assessment of and feedback on microteaching lessons in geography education

This article discusses the process and findings of a study in which video annotation (VideoANT) and a learning management system (LMS) were implemented together in the microteaching lessons of fourth-year geography student teachers. The aim was to ensure adequate assessment of and feedback for each student, since these aspects are, in general, a shortcoming of micro-lesson facilitation. VideoANT is an online environment synchronizing web-based video application with timeline-based text annotations, and it was imported into and managed in the university's LMS called eFundi. The web videos of the geography students' micro-lessons on VideoANT were made accessible by the lecturer according to a rotational time schedule managed in eFundi. This enabled students to assess fellow students' micro-lessons in a collaborative blended learning environment and to receive feedback on their own lessons. Qualitative as well as quantitative data were collected, and the results indicate that geography student teachers held positive views of these technology applications for geography microteaching in particular and for their teaching training in general.