Application of Landsat satellite imagery to monitor land‐cover changes at the Athabasca Oil Sands,Alberta, Canada

A major advantage of satellite remote sensing is that the imagery acquired provides a synoptic view of the landscape. Thus, repeat coverage by the satellite on a regular basis permits the detection of changes in land‐cover over time. This study demonstrates the application of remote sensing technology to the monitoring of mining activities at the Athabasca Oil Sands region of Alberta, Canada. First, we describe the techniques used to match a time sequence of Landsat imagery, both spatially and spectrally, to ensure that the spectral changes through time are due to land‐cover variations. A series of spectral trajectories were then extracted to assess changes in land‐cover through time. Secondly, a land‐cover classification was produced from the baseline 1984 imagery and, using historic and future mine extents, the classification was analyzed to determine the proportion of each land‐cover type affected through development. Results of the analysis indicate that since 1984 there has been a larger reduction in mixedwood dense and broadleaf vegetation classes than mixedwood sparse or dense conifer stands in the area. Based on the delineations of mine‐site activity, the area of woodland and wetland habitat subject to development has increased from approximately 2,520 hectare (ha) in 1984 to 32,930 ha in 2005.     

The World Map as an Emblem: Abraham Ortelius and the Stoic Contemplation

Although the close association of word and image in medieval cartography is widely acknowledged, the significance of the relationship after the rediscovery of Ptolemy's Geography and throughout the Renaissance has been overlooked, despite Abraham Ortelius's choice of the term ‘Reader’ for users of the Theatrum orbis terrarum (1570). In this paper, the map of the world, which (as in Ptolemy's Geography) opens Ortelius's Theatrum, is analysed to show how Ortelius's concept of space was very different from Ptolemy's. Attention is drawn to the content of the texts on the map, to Ortelius's notion of geography as the eye of history, and to the importance in the Renaissance of the emblem as a conceit, or device, in the system of acquisition and transmission of knowledge. As in emblems, the words on Ortelius's map are not there to explain or to comment on what is seen but to give the image meaning; the purpose of the map is to invite contemplation of God's world. The map is contradictory, however; for Ortelius's accurate and up‐to‐date presentation of the physical world is qualified by a verbal statement that the world is ‘nothing’, a mere pinpoint in the immensity of the universe. It is concluded that Ortelius was not a geographer in the same way Ptolemy was, and that Ortelius was using geography as a philosopher and his world map as an illustration of his moral and religious thinking.     

First Trials to Set Up a Microwave Reflectometric Tool for the Survey of Historic Timber Structures

Timber structures can be degraded during their life both by structural problems and by biological degradation factors like fungi and insects. The occurrence of those biodegradation agents could lead to a loss of their structural integrity, in the absence of appropriate maintenance. An early assessment of the decay is even more important when the wooden structures are part of historical buildings, in the interest of conservation of cultural heritage.

This article presents an application of microwave reflectometry for the in situ evaluation of timber structures. The measurement system allows detecting anomalies inside the material in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner.

The reflection coefficient is measured by means of a vector network analyzer (VNA) using a double-ridge antenna which transmits the continuous-wave (CW) microwave signal and receives the signal reflected by the material under investigation.

Measurements on laboratory models demonstrated the feasibility of the method. Results obtained on timber beam sections, compared with the findings of traditional investigation methodologies, demonstrate the potentiality of microwave reflectometry, suggesting its possible usefulness during the diagnostic phase as a non-invasive tool for preliminary screening.     

东西互鉴：胡适诗学与意象主义关系再考察

胡适诗学致力于意象的构建与运用,主张以白话入诗,推崇朴实简约的诗风,追求诗体大解放。这与同时代大洋彼岸由埃兹拉·庞德引领的意象派主张有诸多相似之处。基于跨文化的视角,我们不难发现,这两个文学事件间的关系实际上源远流长,彼此遥相呼应,构成了一道特殊的文学景观。胡适的诗学思想是其中国基础、美国经验以及意象主义者的中国想象这三重资源碰触、融合的结果,是东西互鉴的产物,是中美文学、文化交流双向性特点的典型呈现。     

通感现象的身体化特征

通感是一种认知现象。本文从认知语言学的一个基本命题出发,即人的生理结构及身体活动是决定人的一切认知活动的前提和基础,探讨了通感发生的方向及其认知理据:通感总是用体现身体化特征较多的感知来表达体现身体化特征较少的感知。文章还发现,从视觉向其他感官的感知迁移同样受身体化特征的影响。     

大型活动的形象影响研究—以′99昆明世博会为例

从旅游影响的角度出发,大型活动将对举办地形成一定的形象影响。本文以'99昆明世博会为例,使用问卷调查数据,从四个方面研究了'99世博会的形象影响问题。研究表明:'99世博会所带来的形象效应并未成为游客选择昆明作为出游目的地的首要决定因素,目的地区域的传统特色(如气候、环境及文化因素),仍然是游客作出决策的主导因素;'99世博会对举办城市昆明而言,所带来的积极影响超过了负面影响,可以有效提高举办地的知名度;大型活动长期的、潜在的形象影响可以通过了解游客的重游意愿和口碑效应来衡量,世博会的举办所带来的潜在长期影响是正面的;有助于形成较高的形象认同度。     

和歌文本解构及中译本的意象重构——以《源氏物语》桐壶卷和歌第二首为中心

《源氏物语》古本由散文体叙事部分与韵文体（和歌）抒情部分构成,散韵两部分密接不离,形成了独特的文体美,是古日本和歌文学向物语文学过渡的一种特殊体例。和歌作为整体文本构架间的肌质,将整部小说各部分有机的衔接、融合。由于和歌用典繁复、隐喻深奥,在其千余年的历史受容过程中歧义繁多。本文以桐壶卷和歌第二首为研究对象,从该首和歌的语义受容、文本解构,及不同中文译本生成的对比研究着手,旨在更好地阐释和歌在文本中的话语机能。     

温州会展旅游初探

本论述了温州发展会展旅游的条件,发展会展旅游的作用和意义,并针对目前在发展中存在的问题提出几点对策和建议。     

旅游目的地形象修复策略:关联游客行为意图的量表开发与检验

在形象修复理论基础上,开发了旅游目的地形象修复量表,通过对441名入境游客的问卷调查,采用结构方程模型对旅游目的地形象修复量表进行了整体验证,并关联分析了其对游客行为意图的影响,结果表明:本文所开发并实测的旅游目的地形象修复策略量表,整体结构良好,量表信度和效度值都处于较好水平;旅游目的地形象修复策略由6个基本维度构成,其中柔和的形象修复策略对游客行为意图有显著影响;本量表提出策略的实施效果与西方的研究总体趋同但略有差异。文章同时指出,针对入境客源市场,目的地形象修复策略要遵循跨文化信息传播的基本特点,同时要重点使用渐进式的目的地形象修复方式。     

旅游地映象、游客满意度及行为意向关系研究——以桂林七星公园为例

以桂林七星公园为案例地,采用因子分析凝炼了映象认知维度成分,验证其符合功能-混合-心理的变化趋势。其中,功能成分体现在对旅游服务及设施的感知上,混合成分体现在对自然资源环境、历史文化环境的感知上,心理成分体现在对地方社会环境的感知上。通过构建结构方程,发现对地方社会氛围的感知对于情感映象有正向显著的影响;旅游服务及设施对游客满意度具有最显著的影响,自然资源环境与历史文化环境也具有一定的作用;在满意度对行为意向有显著的正向作用条件下,认知映象各成分对游客行为意向产生间接作用。