Unfinished and Paired Logboats from Bavaria, Germany

Though Bavaria is far inland, at least 20 logboats are known, but only recently have some been properly recorded. This paper deals with two vessels discovered in the early 1990s. The remains at Laufen-Pfaffing represent a semi-manufactured logboat, which was purposely sunk as was the custom in Austria until the mid-20th century. The vessel from Wessobrunn-Blaik is also unfinished and shows several tool-marks. It is too narrow to float on its own: therefore it is part of a paired logboat. There is plenty of archaeological evidence for this kind of craft, but no ethnographic evidence. Apart from use as ferries, other uses are discussed.
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

国际移民的定义与类别——兼论中国移民问题

详细评介了国际移民的学术定义;归纳其六大基本类别,指出不同类型的迁移可能相互转化;阐述了当代国际移民发展趋势,并将华侨华人研究置于国际移民的大背景下进行剖析;对由于缺乏对当代“国际移民”相关定义的基本了解而出现的明显错误给予了指正。     

新中国成立以来的元史研究

新中国成立以来的半个多世纪中,通过我国三代蒙元史专家的努力,取得了许多成绩。其中最主要的是唯物史占了主导地位,元朝不再被看成“漆黑一团”,现在普遍认为元朝是一个比较开放的朝代,在经济、文化、民族关系等方面对中国历史的发展有过独特的贡献;同时,研究者发掘了许多新史料,使元史研究向纵深发展。今后的元史研究任重而道远,在史料整理、区域和专题研究、民族研究等方面还有许多工作要做。     

中国的华侨华人研究与学科建设－浅议“华侨华人学”

本文从中国的华侨华人研究的历史与现状出发,认为现在中国的华侨华人研究已不再是历史研究一枝独秀的局面,而是涉及到政治、经济、文化、历史、社会、民族、人口、国际关系等诸多领域的综合性研究,其研究理论和方法也已广泛地涉及到人文社会科学的诸多基础学科和分支学科,华侨华人研究实际上已成为多学科研究者共同参与研究的“边缘交叉学科”,建立起一门有中国特色的“华侨华人学”势在必行。当前,中国的华侨华人研究应该加强学科意识,在吸收欧、美、日的社会科学理论和研究成果的同时,根据我们本国的国情和社会实际需要,发展自己的研究,在提高学术研究水平的基础上,努力构建中国的华侨华人学。     

Introduction: the feminist politics of refugee migration

The interdisciplinary field of refugee studies includes gender analyses, but feminism is not its forte. Scholarship in the field has neglected the development of feminist frameworks to trace the power relations that shape the gender and other politics of forced migration. Specifically, the underplayed concept of ‘refugee transnationalism’ is elaborated as a form of globalization where the social and political intersect in particular ways.     

危险的愉悦：早期美国华侨赌博问题研究（1850—1943年）

论文勾勒了早期美国华侨的赌博情形,分析了他们参赌、设赌的各种原因和社会危害,探讨了华侨社会、中美两国政府对华侨赌博问题管理和控制的效能。作者认为,早期大部分美国华侨热衷于赌博,主要是赌博为特定历史场景中的华侨提供了一种重要的社会活动方式,被他们视为实现黄金梦的一条捷径。经济利益的驱动致使华侨热衷开设赌馆,也使华侨堂号勾结警察,暴力护赌。赌博对美国华侨社会的危害是巨大的,它使一些华侨不能履行自己对家庭的义务和责任,还引发了吸毒、盗窃、＂堂斗＂等其他社会问题。在控制赌博的行动中,由于华侨社团和中国驻美领事权力有限,威望不高,而华侨赌商和堂号与美国警察互相勾结,致使禁赌行动难有成效。     

1932—1945年国民政府侨务委员会述论

文章依据相关档案及文献资料,从制度史研究的角度,对国民政府侨务委员会的沿革、机构设置、职能以及人事和经费等方面进行了考察。结果显示,相对于晚清与北洋政府而言,南京国民政府的侨务机构设置比较健全,在侨务工作的开展、协助政府积极利用海外侨力、保侨护侨等方面发挥了一定的积极作用,也为抗战期间海外华侨为祖国做出巨大贡献奠定了行政基础。但与此同时,机构的不断调整、人员配置的不到位,特别是经费上的捉襟见肘,成为困扰侨委会工作的主要问题。     

小川环树的宋诗研究

小川环树是日本最重要的宋诗研究者之一,他在宋诗文献整理、宋诗人的构成、宋诗的题材取向、宋诗的艺术特色、宋诗的流变、苏轼诗个案研究及对我国宋诗研究成果的推介等方面,均取得了突出成就,提出了自己独到的见解,引导了日本学界的宋诗研究,对我国的宋诗研究颇具参照与借鉴意义。     

Shifting Narratives: Modern Chinese History since the Economic Reform and a Critique of Popular Opinion

When discussing the trans-formative shifts having occurred in the field of Chinese modern history following the economic reforms, one cannot avoid mention of the “revolutionary history paradigm,” the “paradigm of modernization” as well as the “postmodern paradigm.” According to popular belief, the course of development taken by the academic world during the past forty years was marked by a series of transformations: First was the progressive replacement of the “revolutionary history paradigm” by that of the “paradigm of modernization”; following that was the rise of the “postmodern paradigm” and the challenging of its predecessor. This set of divisions, though logically clear and succinct, cannot possibly conform to the realities of history in all of its complexness. While academic circles in the 1980’s were largely concerned with the issues of “what exactly is the historical driving force of Marxism” and “who are the revolutionary class,” the notion of the “paradigm of modernization” was rather a product of the conservative historical viewpoint and its rise during the late 1990’s. In this sense, then, the latter cannot possibly embody the former. On the surface of things, though the “postmodern paradigm” appears to refuse the narrative of revolutionary history, it in fact shares deeper connections with Chinese revolutionary thought at its roots. In short, then, these trans-formative shifts in modern Chinese history are not a simple “exchange” whereby one paradigm transfers into the next, but are rather a process of incessant and interconnected change.     

Oxygen isotope seasonality in a temperate estuarine shell midden: a case study from CA-ALA-17 on the San Francisco Bay,California

Seasonality determination using stable oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) analyses in archaeological mollusk shell has been largely limited to aquatic settings where one of the two factors that control shell δ¹⁸O – water δ¹⁸O (or salinity) and temperature – is assumed to be constant. Open coastal marine environments reflect the former situation, and tropical estuaries constitute the latter. In an effort to expand stable isotope seasonality to an ecological setting where neither variable remains constant, we present a model of annual shell δ¹⁸O cycle of aragonite deposition derived from instrumental data on salinity and temperature from San Francisco Bay, California. The predicted range of modeled shell δ¹⁸O is consistent with observed δ¹⁸O values in prehistoric and modern shells when local conditions are considered. Measurements of δ¹⁸O taken at 0 mm and 2 mm from the terminal growth margin were made on 36 archaeological specimens of Macoma nasuta from a late Holocene hunter-gatherer site CA-ALA-17, and season of collection was inferred using the shell δ¹⁸O model. We conclude that shellfish exploitation occurred through the year with the exception of fall, which may indicate scheduling conflicts with acorn harvesting or other seasonally abundant resources elsewhere. The model supports the feasibility of stable isotope seasonality studies in temperate estuaries, provided that instrumental records are available to quantify the relevant water conditions at appropriate spatial and temporal scales.