基于高速公路交通流的江苏省城市空间关联特征

在江苏省高速公路网络2012年12月OD流量数据和通行时间数据支撑下,本文从县市尺度出发,在对城市空间关联的节点、路径和组团等要素分析基础上,尝试勾绘关联特征的基本图示。结论如下:①城市节点分布有一定的等级性,且节点重要性本身与其社会经济发展状况或在高速公路的功能定位有关。②单一组团或近邻组团以"中心城市+关联节点"进行关联,且城市间的通行时间基本在1小时内,而中长距离的双核心或多核心的组团则以中心城市作为联系基轴建构,且通行时间在1-3小时之间。③综合节点、路径和组团等要素勾绘的城市关联特征模式包含苏北系统、跨江系统和苏南系统,且该模式昭示以"多板块协同发展"的思路规划区域发展战略可作为优先考虑的方案。     

第二居所旅居地社会互动及其对社区发展的影响——以三亚市为例

第二居所旅居是一种旅游现象,旅居者为了追求愉悦和非日常经历,在目的地长时间逗留,重构旅居地的社会关系.本文以社区场域理论为研究框架,综合运用访谈法、观察法等研究方法,探析三亚市第二居所旅居者与当地居民社会互动的现状及其对社区发展的影响,并讨论如何提升两者的互动.结果发现:旅居者与当地居民以浅层次的社会互动为主,缺乏深入...     

城市社区户外共享空间促进交往的模式研究

本文提出社区尺度上的户外空间主要由半公共空间和半私密空间复合而成,并引入"户外共享空间"的概念,在此基础上分解共享空间的组成要素,剖析共享空间的功能,分析共享空间在促进居民社会交往方面的重要作用。本文按照半公共半私密的特性及空间的主导功能将户外共享空间分成七类,提出这七类共享空间居民交往的模式,以及不同功能主导的共享空间的结构布局。研究表明,共享空间的合理使用是城市生态社区结构和功能在人文关怀上的体现,良好的共享空间设计对营造活跃、融洽的城市生活氛围,推动城市社区朝向生态化和可持续方向发展有不可忽视的作用。     

SITUATIONAL PLACES: RETHINKING GEOGRAPHIES OF INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION IN SUPER‐DIVERSE URBAN SPACE

Cities in general and public urban spaces in particular have re‐emerged as important places where strangers from different social and cultural backgrounds interact. The growing number of intercultural encounters assumed by contemporary urban studies calls for a theoretical examination of how these encounters are conducted. In this article we therefore critically examine the interplay between cultures, strangers, performances, encounters, and urban built environments. This means bringing together the theoretical ideas of super‐diversity, culture in world society, and situational places. The article argues that intercultural interactions between strangers in cities – and elsewhere – shape the cultural conditions of contemporary world society. First, super‐diversity is discussed as a cultural reality of world society. Drawing on empirical evidence from psychology, intercultural interactions between strangers are then demonstrated to be part of ritualized cultural negotiations. Finally, the notion of situational places is put forward as the conceptual nexus between these cultural encounters and the urban environment. This perspective allows the integration of bodily performances between strangers, spatial and situational context, and the resulting places of encounter.     

Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, Southwestern Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200

The dominant model of relations between Zhizo- and Leopard's Kopje-ceramic using groups in northern South Africa, southwestern Zimbabwe, and eastern Botswana between AD 1000 and 1300 has been one of hostile invasion by Leopard's Kopje groups, who are thought to have forced Zhizo groups into eastern Botswana (Huffman, 1978, 1986a, 1996). Leopard's Kopje groups are thereupon thought to have set about the process of nascent state formation in the absence of any significant contact, other than violence or intermittent intermarriage (Denbow, 1982, 1983, 1986; Huffman, 1986a, 1996), with their Zhizo (i.e., Toutswe) neighbors to the west. More recently, Denbow (1990) has modified his position to include trade in exotic goods as a regular feature of Leopard's Kopje–Zhizo relations. Radiocarbon and ceramic data from the Iron Age site Leokwe Hill, in combination with the available ceramic data and a reanalysis of the ceramics from the site Schroda, indicate that current interpretations of the relations between Zhizo and Leopard's Kopje groups need to be reconsidered. New hypotheses are presented that posit that the nature and intensity of interaction between these groups was more far-reaching than is currently thought.Le modéle dominant des relations entre les groupes qui ont utilisés les ceramiques Zhizo et ceux qui ont utilisés celles de Leopard's Kopje dans le nord de l'Afrique du Sud, sud-est du Zimbabwe et l'est du Botswana entre AD 1000 et 1300, a été l'invasion hostile par les groupes de Leopard's Kopje, qui, l'on pense avoir forcé les groupes Zhizo dans l'est du Botswana (Huffman, 1978, 1986a, 1996). Les groupes de Leopard's Kopje sont pensés avoir établi le procédée de l'état de formation (nascent) en l'absence de tous contacts significatifis, autre que la violence ou des mariages consanguins intermittents (Denbow, 1982, 1983, 1986; Huffman, 1986a, 1996), avec leur Zhizo (c.à.d. Toutwse) voisins à l'ouest. Récemment, Denbow (1990) a modifié sa position pour inclure le commerce des produits exotics comme une caractéristique réguliere des relations entre Leopard's Kopje et Zhizo. Le radiocarbonne et les données en céramique du site de l'âge de fer Leokwe Hill, en combinaison avec les données de céramiques disponibles et une ré-analyse des céramiques du site Schroda, indiquent que les interprétations des relations entre Zhizo et les groupes de Leopard's Kopje doivent être reconsidêrées. Des nouvelles hypothéses sont présentées qui proposent que la nature et l'intensité des interactions entre ses groupes étaient d'ptune portée bien plus grande que nous le pensons actuellement.Sashi-Limpopo Archaeological Project     

从顾家坡墓地的发掘看史前时代文化交叉地带的部落冲突

顾家坡墓地是湖北省第一次完整揭露的一处史前时代的墓地 ,共发现墓葬 2 37座 ,时代为大溪文化晚期到屈家岭文化时期 (距今约 5 30 0年～ 4 6 0 0年 )。通过研究作者注意到 :一定数量的多人二次合葬墓 ;6 0 %左右的男性随葬有石钺 ,有的还同时随葬有骨镞 ,却没有见到石质生产工具用于随葬的情形 ;有的人可能是弓箭的受害者 ;可能存在猎头的现象。综合以上现象 ,以及与周围地区大致同时代的墓地的对比 ,作者认为 ,部落冲突的现象在史前时代是确实存在的 ,而文化交叉地带的部落冲突又远远激烈于文化中心地带。     

抗美援朝的战略决策在政治与军事互动中的得与失

抗美援朝战争的特殊性决定了其政治与军事的互动作用与以往战争相比更有特殊性的表现 ,如政治对军事的主导作用增强 ;军事行动所追求的目标已不再是以全歼敌人并摧毁国家机器为目的的全面胜利 ,而是在力争维护国内国际和平前提下取得打退敌人有限胜利等。由于这些特殊性 ,使我党在以政治和军事互动作用为基础的抗美援朝的战略决策上有得有失     

Cold-worked and annealed bronze objects and relevant motif techniques in the Chinese Bronze Age: Analysis of bronze sheets found at Songjia cemetery in Shaanxi,China

Six thin Chinese bronze chariot accessory sheets from Songjia cemetery in Shaanxi province were dated to the late Western Zhou dynasty (ninth to eighth centuries bce ) and analysed for their elemental composition and motif techniques. The objects were cold worked and annealed with embossed motifs and carved lines. This is the only case of cold working and annealing with embossed motifs and carved lines in China; these techniques may have come from or been influenced by other cultures. These findings are important for revealing the development of the cold-working, annealing techniques and relevant motif techniques in China.     

古玉人兽合体造型研考

周代人兽合体造型玉器,加进了人的参与和主导,这就突出体现了当时社会观念形态中人格意识的进一步提升,显示了人兽结合造型的艺术成果.在西周时,龙神已被人格化,并被尊为人间与神界相依相合、互相沟通的神.玉雨师像即是龙神文化品格被提升的产物.     

Effects of pore fluid flow and chemistry on compaction creep of calcite by pressure solution at 150°C

Uni‐axial compaction creep experiments were performed on crushed limestone and analytical grade calcite powders at 150°C, a pore fluid pressure of 20 MPa, and effective axial stresses of 30 and 40 MPa. Previous experiments have shown that compaction under these conditions is dominated by intergranular pressure solution (IPS). The aim of the present tests was to determine the inter‐relationship between pore fluid chemistry, compaction rate and the rate‐controlling process of IPS. Intermittent flow‐through runs conducted using CaCO₃ solution showed no effect on creep rate at low strains (<4–5%) but a major acceleration at high strains (5–10%). Measurements of the Ca concentration present in fluid samples revealed the build‐up of a high super‐saturation of CaCO₃ during compaction under zero flow conditions, especially at high strains. Active flow‐through led to a drop in Ca concentration, which corresponded with creep acceleration. Addition of NaCl to the pore fluid, at a concentration of 0.5 m , increased the creep rate of the analytical grade calcite samples roughly in proportion to the enhancement of calcite solubility. Addition of Mg²⁺ and to the pore fluid, in concentrations of 0.05 and 0.001 m, respectively, caused major retardation of compaction creep. Integrating our mechanical, flow‐through and chemical data points strongly to diffusion‐controlled IPS being the dominant deformation mechanism in the calcite‐water system under closed‐system (zero flow) conditions at low strains (<4–5%), giving way to precipitation control at higher strains. Our fluid composition data suggest that this transition is because of accumulation of impurities in the pore fluid. As Mg²⁺ and phosphate ions are common in natural pore fluids, it is likely that retarded precipitation will be the rate‐limiting step of IPS in carbonates in nature. To quantify diagenetic compaction and porosity‐permeability reduction rates by IPS in carbonates needs to account for this.