Why the History of Parliament Has Not Been Written*

There have been legions of individual studies of the history of the English/British/United Kingdom parliament, which is not surprising, since its history is widely acknowledged to be so closely bound up with the history of the nation state itself. But there have been remarkably few attempts to put the story together, to try to consider the long‐term development of parliament as an institution. What would such a story look like? This essay discusses some of the critiques of the whiggish narrative of constitutional and parliamentary development to recognise a common theme in whiggism's tendency to anthropomorphise parliament, to describe it as a single organism with agency and purpose. To forgo that temptation, however, makes it difficult to provide a satisfying narrative of parliament over time. The essay tries to imagine how one might construct a history of parliament as an institution which no longer sees it as an actor in its own story, but, instead, a complex collection of ideas, processes, customs, and conventions, which competing forces struggle to organise in order to achieve their goals, and which is also an arena and forum for that competition.     

文化遗产和旅游的可持续发展

旅游业给遗产保护与遗产地管理带来了机遇与挑战。旅游业对维护文化和自然遗产价值,对社会、当地群众及非物质文化遗产均有影响,也给当地遗产设施发展与保护带来机遇。联合国教科文组织始终致力于文化与自然遗产的保护与弘扬工作,开创有前瞻性的旅游业,承认文化多样性原则,强调旅游业在促进遗产保护等方面的有效作用。其创意城市网络主推的"善行旅游",严格遵循原真性与完整性的原则,通过对世界文化遗产、纪念碑、历史建筑、国家公园、博物馆等各类景区定期评估,提升公众关于新旅游产品及旅客稀少遗址的意识,提升参观者体验感受等多种行动,改善人群福利,保护自然和文化遗产,促进经济和社会发展,从而有利于文化遗产保护与旅游业可持续发展。     

2002年度香港西贡沙下遗址C02区和DⅡ02区考古发掘简报

20 0 2年 ,香港古物古迹办事处和河南省文物考古研究所联合在香港发掘西贡沙下遗址 ,发掘面积达 70 0平方米。发现有新石器时代晚期、青铜时代和宋元代的遗存。遗迹中属新石器时代晚期有房址、灰坑等 ,青铜时代有房址、灰坑、石器制造场、灰沟等 ,宋元代有灰坑。遗物中有不同时代的石器、陶器、硬陶器、瓷器、釉陶器等。     

遗址博物馆土遗址病害调查与成因分析——以萧山跨湖桥遗址博物馆为例

潮湿环境土遗址的保护一直是非常困难的课题。当遗址与其他材质的文物共存时,保护难度更高。为了探讨遗址博物馆内病害发生的规律和影响因素,为未来潮湿环境土遗址保护措施的研究和设计提供依据,以杭州市萧山区跨湖桥遗址为例开展调查研究。发现盖棚可以防止雨水对土遗址的破坏,但造成了水和盐的单向迁移,是目前土遗址病害的主要根源。对于室内遗址博物馆,如何解决遗址土体水分单向迁移带来的破坏已经成为迫切需要开展研究的课题,建议尽快开展室内土遗址补水技术的实验研究。     

Lost Country Houses in Lancashire: Reappraisal and Analysis

The ‘destruction of the English country house’ in the period since the late nineteenth century looms large in popular consciousness, and has received increasing attention from historians in recent years. There is no doubt that demolitions did occur on a large scale, especially in the middle years of the twentieth century, but it is arguable that most research has placed too much emphasis on the economic problems faced by estates arising from the great Agricultural Depression: the narrative so far, that is, has had too rural a focus. This article examines the phenomenon in Lancashire, a county characterized by industrialization, demographic expansion, and rapid urbanization. This regional perspective suggests reasons for country house losses that are subtly but significantly different from those pertaining in the more rural counties of England, which have been the primary focus of previous studies.     

凌家滩古玉受沁过程分析

在漫长的埋藏过程中 ,凌家滩古玉的颜色、透明度、硬度、吸水性等物理性质发生了很大变化 ,甚至出现了“外实内松”的特殊现象。为研究和解释这些现象 ,对典型样品进行体视显微镜观察、红外光谱测试和扫描电子显微镜分析 ,结果表明 ,古玉在入土埋藏后先后经历了风化淋滤阶段和渗透胶结阶段 ,物理性质发生变化是造成古玉“外实内松”的原因。     

湖北丹江口市连沟旧石器遗址调查

本文对湖北丹江口市连沟遗址Ⅲ、Ⅱ级阶地所发现的 201件石制品进行了详细的介绍, 并对其时代和文化特征进行了初步研究, 得出它们的时代分别为旧石器时代早期和中期, 在文化面貌方面, 其同属于南方砾石石器工业的范畴。该遗址的发现对研究南方砾石器工业的时代以及认识该工业的早、中期遗存之异同具有重要的意义。     

湖北巴东任家坪遗址第一、二次发掘

为配合三峡大坝工程和巴东县污水处理厂的工程建设,湖北省文物考古研究所组织考古队对任家坪遗址先后进行两次大规模考古发掘,这里报道了这两次发掘发现的商周遗存和明清墓葬。     

湖北郧西县五斗种遗址发掘简报

郧西五斗种遗址发掘出土一批具楚文化特点的遗物以及陶窑等遗迹,还有动物骨骼、铁器等.简报介绍遗址发掘工作,对遗物文化特点进行简要分析,对遗址微地貌、动物骨骼与古环境、动物骨骼与遗址经济特点等也提出初步认识.     

黄山园内旅游解说类型与有效性分析

为了调查黄山园内旅游解说系统的类型与有效性现状,笔者以随机抽样的方式对300名黄山的游客进行了问卷调查.通过对调查数据分析与处理,本文从人员解说、解说牌示、游客中心、可携式出版物和综合解说技术5个方面对黄山园内旅游解说的有效性作出评价,认为黄山园内解说在以上几个方面还存在许多不足.建议通过加强受众分析和资源分析,采用多种解说技术来提高黄山园内解说质量.