健康公平理念下社区养老设施的空间分布研究——以上海市中心城区为例

提要:健康公平是当前联合国倡导的可持续发展重要目标,也是"健康中国"国策的重要战略目标.本文聚焦社区养老设施这一重要健康资源,采用基尼系数和洛伦兹曲线,比较分析上海市中心城区多种类型社区养老设施的空间分布公平性,并运用LISA方法辨析社区养老设施与老年人口的空间分布关联格局,识别存在高需求但低配置问题的供需显著失衡区域...     

城市建成环境如何影响老年人体力活动——模型构建与大连实证

针对建成环境与老年人体力活动关系研究中,较少定量刻画其与社会、心理要素交互作用的不足,本文构建了三者交互影响下的体力活动关系模型。研究发现：①老年人体力活动参与率整体不高,性别与家庭结构差异在活动表现形式上存在不同。②活动意向未能有效触发老年人体力活动,自我效能感是其重要参考因素;建成环境、社会资本对老年人体力活动的影响,由直接或间接通过自我效能感中介完成,心理健康作用则未显现。③家庭结构存在调节作用,建成环境单一要素对空巢老人体力活动的作用并不明显,但其对与子女共同居住老年人影响稳健。④社会资本是建成环境发挥空间干预老年人体力活动作用的重要前提;环境对公共健康的影响,更应采应取组合式干预策略。     

城镇化进程中二代流动人口市民化水平及影响因素

基于2016年中国流动人口动态监测数据,构建多维度的市民化评估指标体系,测算和探究二代流动人口的市民化水平与影响因素.研究发现:①二代流动人口市民化水平总体偏低,并且不同维度发展各异且存在明显的区域差异.②二代流动人口市民化水平是由个体市民化能力与流入城市特征共同作用的结果,但影响就业状况和生活方式的因素集中在个体的人...     

中国城镇化质量研究现状与热点分析

运用CiteSpace可视化软件和计量可视化分析方法,对CNKI中（1999-2019年）收录的CSSCI期刊中有关“城镇化质量”的文献进行图谱分析,对近20年来城镇化质量研究领域的发文数量与研究机构及其合作关系、城镇化质量的研究热点进行了梳理。研究结果表明：①从发文数量来看,21世纪以来关于城镇化质量的研究成果不断丰富,文献数量不断增加,但是作者之间、研究机构之间的合作关系较弱;②有关城镇化质量的研究经历了缓慢发展阶段、迅速增长阶段以及平稳发展阶段;③研究热点主要集中在新型城镇化道路、城镇化发展的协调性、人口城镇化等方面。未来有关城镇化的研究将更加注重城镇化质量的提升,注重对新型城镇化高质量发展路径的研究。     

Civilization and Barbarism: When Barbarism Builds Cities

Around the mid-nineteenth century, D. F. Sarmiento introduced in Argentine literature the duality of “civilization and barbarism,” assuming that it was, at that time, an inescapable model in the analysis of society. Early in the 1880s, when the “conquest of the desert” came to an end and conflicts between city inhabitants and their urbanistic and “civilizing” urban plannings, vis-à-vis the rural populations that assumedly resisted change, worsened, the model acquired a new meaning. Taking one particular case of analysis, the foundation of the city of La Plata in lands owned by the Estancia Iraola, this paper uses archaeology to explore the limitations and falsehoods of such duality, jointly with the assumption of a simplistic relation of determinism between an environment and a particular human group.     

基于后人类思想的国际城市研究：理论溯源与概念辨析

进入二十一世纪以来,以赛博格城市、混合城市、城市政治生态学、集合城市主义为代表的后人类城市研究思想成为揭示当代城市中人类与非人类复杂交织关系的前沿性理论视角。本文在深入探讨上述概念的理论渊源、主要思想观点及其应用进展的基础上,指出后人类城市思想在我国城市研究中的可能方法论意义,即城市分析不能将人类与非人类绝对割裂地看待,而需要将城市中的主体或客体重新定义为人类与非人类的“混杂体”,整合以往分散在自然、工程、社科与人文等不同领域中的观察与分析,拓展人们对城市过程的认知,开创更多的城市研究可能性。     

Testing the waters of coastal urbanization: contested projects on Corsica’s protected lands

In the wake of the decentralization reforms implemented in France in the early 1980s, the Coast Protection Act (‘loi littoral’) was enacted in 1986 to counterbalance the significant regulatory powers devolved through those reforms to local municipalities in matters of urban planning. The act’s purpose was to contain urban sprawl, especially in heretofore undeveloped and protected areas such as those found on the Corsican coastline. Many local officials protested that the act would freeze any development on vast tracts of land and become a hindrance to carrying out potentially lucrative tourism projects on the most attractive coastal frontage parcels. The inquiry draws on a statistical sample of 252 legal arguments put forward in 180 claims, which were filed in the Corsican Administrative Court during the 2004–2011 period. From a sociological perspective, we examine in this article the strategies behind litigation and the use of the administrative courts as a means to resolve conflicts that have arisen over the attempted development of protected coastal areas. Special attention is paid to disputes over proposed development projects against which claims have been filed by local inhabitants and state administrators with the intention of containing urban sprawl.     

Urbanization and mortality decline

We investigate the relationship between mortality decline and urbanization, which has hitherto been proposed by demographers but has yet to be tested rigorously in a global context. Using cross‐national panel data, we find evidence of a robust negative correlation between crude death rates and urbanization. The use of instrumental variables suggest that this relationship is causal, while historical data from the early 20th century suggest that this relationship holds in earlier periods as well. Finally, we find robust evidence that mortality decline is correlated with urbanization through the creation of new cities rather than promoting urban growth in already‐extant cities.     

女性老年人肥胖的建成环境影响因素及规划响应研究

随着老龄化的快速发展,老年人在中国已经构成重要的群体,而因肥胖导致的一系列慢性疾病严重影响老年人的寿命和生命质量。身体质量指数（BMI）是衡量肥胖的重要指标。本文以女性老年人为研究对象,运用有序多分类Logistic回归模型,分析建成环境对女性老年人身体质量指数的影响。结果表明,居住地附近是否有适宜的休闲体力活动场所、居住地到休闲体力活动场所的步行时间、一周内去商场的频率、高热量食物的可获得性等建成环境变量与因变量女性老年人BMI等级存在显著联系。根据研究结论,从城市规划的角度提出建成环境优化建议,为构建老龄友好型的健康城市提供基础。     

中国城乡协调发展研究综述

通过长期关注改革开放以来中国城乡协调发展的历史与现状,本文从城乡协调发展研究起源出发,对中国城乡协调发展的内涵、目标、动力机制、模式、制约因素、措施对策进行综述,探究这些研究的贡献和研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究趋势进行展望,试图通过这项工作为城乡协调发展研究及城乡协调发展规划打下良好的基础。