中东过度城市化与社会稳定

城市化是世界各国经济社会发展的必由之路,但二战后中东国家的城市化发展模式与西方发达国家城市化发展的历史经验大不相同,实行的是以西方城市化为参照目标的赶超战略,导致严重的过度城市化现象。中东过度城市化的畸形发展引发一系列城市化问题,并对中东地区的社会稳定构成重要影响,体现在过度城市化孕育着不稳定的社会心理;过度城市化危及社会秩序稳定;过度城市化对城市社会结构产生影响,扩大底层社会的基础。     

明清时期移民经济对会馆、公所兴起及区域市镇化的影响

本文以苏州城为例探究明清时期会馆、公所兴起的历史背景和原因,发现移民经济对这一历史现象产生的重要作用,同时对苏州城会馆、公所这类组织的专业化市镇特征进行分析,探讨其对我国近代区域市镇化的影响,为我国正在进行的城镇化建设提供一些借鉴。     

快速城镇化背景下乡村聚落分形特征及影响因素研究——以广东省茂名市为例

本文基于分形理论,借助聚集维数、空间关联维数及形态维数,对茂名县域、市域及镇域乡村聚落分形特征进行研究,并从自然地理、人口、设施建设和经济发展方面构建指标体系,运用Pearson相关性分析法,探讨分形影响因素.研究表明:①乡村聚落呈多尺度、多分形特征.聚集性从市域到镇域呈从地理导向到行政导向的趋势,高城镇化水平地区聚集...     

The United States Manuscript Census as a Teaching Aid

Abstract

This article describes a new approach for analyzing data within national historical geographic information system databases that can be used to explore long-term trends in landscape evolution. The methodology is based on clustering together areas with similar demographic characteristics to define urban agglomerations whose territorial extents and populations vary over time. The resulting database can be used in a wide range of ways that allow the empirical study of urban growth and urban sprawl. The article is based on data for England and Wales but given the increasing availability of national historical geographic information system databases for countries around the world, the approach could be replicated for a wide range of different places.     

HEALTH SELECTION EFFECTS IN CHINA'S INTERNAL MIGRATION

Drawing data from the 2008 survey of Internal Migration and Health in China, we compare various health indicators among current rural-to-urban migrants, rural residents who never migrated, return migrants, and urban citizens. Two health-selective mechanisms, the healthy migrant hypothesis and the salmon bias hypothesis, are empirically tested. Results provide empirical support to both these hypotheses. After controlling for individual's age, sex, socioeconomic status and major health-related behaviours, current rural-to-urban migrants are still better off than rural residents who never migrated regarding their self-rated general health, chronic diseases, self-perceived physical discomfort and lung capacity. Current rural-to-urban migrants are also less likely to have chronic diseases or to report physical discomfort than return migrants. Except for self-reported chronic diseases and abnormally high heart rate, there is no significant difference between rural-to-urban migrants and urban residents regarding the health measures used in this study.     

General Resolution of the Third Congress of the Geographical Society of the USSR

Calorimetric measurements show that the amount of energy accumulated in the organic matter of a semidesert community of Azerbaydzhan ranges from 3663 to 5754 calories per gram of dry mass. Under semidesert conditions only 1 to 3 percent of incoming light energy is accumulated in the mass of a plant community. This agrees with similar determinations of the accumulation of energy in a forest community (Ovington and Heitcamp, 1960). Empirical formulas are used to compute the energy accumulated in one gram of plant mass of an entire community and to calculate the level of use of radiation energy (the share of energy accumulated in plant matter plus the energy used to evaporate). The results agree fairly well with data derived by other techniques.     

SOME GEOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF THE NEW SOVIET FIVE-YEAR PLAN

The following preliminary overview of some spatial aspects of the 10th Five-Year Plan, originally prepared for oral delivery at the 1976 St. Louis meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, is published here in response to widespread requests for reprints. It comments briefly on what are perceived to be some new locational priorities in the context of the so-called East-West issue, the proposed shift to greater use of coal compared with oil, a pro-European bias in steel location, the impact of joint development projects with Comecon countries and with the West, and an apparent movement to seaboard locations in conjunction with increased foreign-trade interaction between the Soviet Union and the world economy.     

National and Regional Population Trends in Georgia, 1989-2002: Results from the 2002 Census

An American geographer and specialist on urbanization and population change in the countries of the former USSR summarizes major results of the first post-Soviet census of Georgia, only recently released. After describing sources of census data and methodological issues warranting attention (e.g., exclusion of most of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and movements of internally displaced persons), he reviews significant national- and regional-level developments in population size, urban and rural distribution, and ethnic affiliation in the country. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: J11, O18, R23. 3 figures, 3 tables, 34 references.     

东北老工业城市旅游业与城市化耦合演变关系研究

以东北四个老工业城市为例,通过构建旅游业与城市化评价指标体系,采用综合发展水平评价和耦合协调模型,分析了2001-2012年期间大连、沈阳、长春、哈尔滨旅游业与城市化耦合演变关系,结果表明:①四市旅游业与城市化综合发展水平均呈上升趋势,城市之间分异显著;②四市旅游业与城市化耦合协调水平缓慢提升,总体呈现大连 > 沈阳 > 长春 > 哈尔滨的空间格局,耦合等级普遍偏低且具有"趋同俱乐部"特征,不断形成"沈大"、"哈长"两大集团;③四市旅游业发展明显滞后,市际旅游业与城市化滞碍关系演变具有三种类型:大连、哈尔滨为"交错更替"型、长春为"断面分明"型、沈阳为"恒定不变"型。最后提出了四市旅游业与城市化协调发展的对策建议。     

环境约束下陕西城镇化效率的区域差异及空间格局

本文运用因子分析法构建了陕西省的综合环境因子指数,将其引入到DEA以及Malmquist指数模型中,动态测度了2003-2014年间陕西及其各地市在有无环境约束下的城镇化发展效率的差异,并对各地市的城镇化效率进行了排名。研究结果表明:陕西城镇化的技术效率在有无环境约束下均没有达到有效状态;在加入环境约束后,技术效率均值波动性更大,呈"W"形,且下行趋势更加明显;传统城镇化发展的"规模不经济"效应,正在凸显出来,部分地市呈现出"规模效率"与"技术效率"均下降的状态。论文最后给出了提高陕西城镇化效率的政策建议。