长株潭城市群城镇化进程与水资源利用响应关系研究

采用层次分析法与熵权法相结合的方法,构建长株潭城市群城镇化综合发展水平和水资源开发利用综合潜力评价指标体系及响应关系模型,对2001-2015年间研究区域城镇化发展进程与水资源利用之间的动态过程进行定量研究,分析主要影响因素、变化特征以及两者响应特征。结果表明：长株潭城市群处于快速城镇化和规模扩张阶段,人口城镇化和空间城镇化水平高于经济城镇化和社会城镇化水平,城镇化发展质量有待提升;区域用水负荷逐年增加,虽然水资源利用效率和管理水平稳步提升,但水资源自然禀赋和开发利用程度受区域水文条件的影响显著。在2001、2005、2007、2009、2011年,长株潭区域城镇化的发展在一定程度上受到水资源系统的约束。协调好城镇化与水资源之间的关系,必须改变规模外延扩张模式,以控制水资源总量、有效提高水资源利用效率为目标,减弱水资源系统对城镇化发展的制约,提高水资源保障能力。     

Portuguese West Coast tourism resorts: an unfinished landscape of territorial liabilities

The research focuses on Portuguese West Coast tourism resorts and addresses the problem of unfinished estates as territorial liabilities left by the Global Financial Crisis on residential tourism and tourism-driven urbanization. After a significant expansion during the golden age, resorts have suffered drastic consequences under the crisis, financial imbalance and stagnation of the real estate market. This situation brings additional problems to land management and adequate responses have not been provided yet. Focusing on the municipality of Óbidos, this paper aims to describe the territorial changes induced by the development of resorts, criss-crossing a morphological analysis with the understanding of the context of the Global Financial Crisis and the assessment of the regulatory framework.     

Towards a nuanced understanding of health‐supportive place using composite research methods

Chronic non‐communicable diseases comprise a major challenge for health in contemporary Australia and across the globe and, while various factors are at play, personal choices in behaviour and lifestyle are significant. The physical make‐up and ongoing management of the places where we live positively and negatively influences these lifestyle choices and subsequent health outcomes. However, responses—in research, policy, built environment design, construction, and management—frequently fail to recognise the intricacies of this people‐place‐behaviour nexus largely because those responses are highly focused and empirical. Rather, the health‐supportive environments needed to address the current chronic disease epidemic also require additional—networked, nuanced, and intuitive—understandings. Responding to that need, the study described in this paper took a comprehensive view of what constitutes a health‐supportive built environment. We detail the composite methods employed—built environment audits, interviews, and focus groups—all of which are available for use by others in similar situations. Then, using two case study examples, we reflect upon how our methodology revealed otherwise hidden aspects of the extent to which the study sites supported or hindered health‐supportive behaviours and responses. These results suggest intervention actions for policy makers and practitioners that will help them respond to the complex needs of communities in creating a health‐supportive environment.     

Nuutauniq (Moves in Inuit Life): Arctic Transformations and the Politics of Urban Inuit Mobility

ABSTRACT

Today, one in four Inuit live outside of Inuit Nunangat, the Arctic territory incorporating the four northern Inuit land claims regions. With the majority of those Inuit living in cities, the issue of urban Inuit populations is becoming a more prominent focus for policy debate. In this article, I argue that urban Inuit mobility is a historically complex and multilayered phenomenon embedded in, not detached from, the major processes of social transformation affecting Inuit across the Canadian Arctic from the mid-twentieth century on. I use this analysis to explore the diverse formulation of Inuit-specific policy initiatives in Montreal, a task that, I show, is made easier by the Montreal Inuit radio show called Nipivut.     

Materializing a form of urban governance: when street building intersected with city building in Republican Canton (Guangzhou), China

In the early twentieth-century China, the imperial court collapsed and modern cities emerged. How did a new form of governance become materialized, conceivable, and understandable? This article presents a case study of street building Canton (present-day Guangzhou) in the 1920s and 1930s. Drawing on discussions of material power, infrastructures, and governmentality, it attends to the role of material artifacts in creating the modern Chinese city. In particular, it illustrates the entangled emergence and development of modern streets and urban governance, a new form of governance essential to fashioning the Chinese nation-state and Chinese modernity. The unstable, evolving process of creating a new built environment provided specific, material reference points for various stakeholders to imagine and think about the modern city as governable space. This case analysis suggests an alternative perspective to urban history in China, and contributes to the broader discussion on the symbiotic relationship between urban politics and infrastructure.     

青海省河湟谷地城镇化建设刍议

河湟谷地的城镇发展具有明显的优势,但也存在一些亟待解决的问题。现阶段应重点推进县城的发展,降低省会城市的首位度,使河湟谷地的城镇结构合理化,同时做好城镇长远规划、拓宽筹资渠道、调整产业结构、加强生态保护等方面的工作。     

健康城市化:新的发展理念及其政策含义

我国城市化已进入一个新阶段,高速推进的城市化面临许多突出问题。在研究和政策方面也陷入困境,对未来城市化发展取向和道路认识不一。本文提出健康城市化的发展理念。它有3个理论来源:健康观的演变与系统健康科学的兴起,发展观的演变与人类发展指数评价,人地关系演变与可持续发展理论。在归纳其对健康城市化的启示的基础上,界定了健康城市化的概念,明确提出三个内涵:人的发展、城乡互动、资源环境,并与传统城市化进行比较。相应的政策含义是:资源环境是城市化的基础,城乡协调和互动是城市化的关键环节,"人的发展"是城市化的出发点与最终目标。     

当代中国城市化的历程与特征

当代中国城市化的历程,以1978年为界,分为两个时期：1949年至1978年是计划经济体制下的城市化发展时期,1979年迄今是市场经济取向下的城市化发展时期。中国50年来城市化历程的突出特征是城乡分割的二元体制和工农业两极对峙的二元发展模式。分析中国城市化进程中的利弊得失和基本特征,对于实现城市经济系统、社会系统、行政系统、化系统和生态系统的现代化,具有重要的参考价值。     

浙、苏、鲁、川、吉五省农村城镇化发展政策研究

本文经过实地考察和典型解剖,对近几年农村城镇化发展较快、水平较高的浙江、江苏、山东、四川和吉林5省的农村城镇化发展政策,进行了充分和认真的总结研究。     

试论西海固贫困民族地区的城市化及反贫困

西海固地区是我国西部贫困民族地区,文章认为该区城市化有着与我国东部不同的特点,主要表现为:城市总体水平低,城镇体系不健全,现有城镇职能简单,城镇对区域经济发展和脱贫贡献不大,城镇发展层次低,缺乏长远规划和活力。文章通过国内外发达国家和地区城市化发展实践、西海固地区农业吊庄模式和工业(城镇)吊庄模式的分析以及加快城市化对吸纳农村剩余劳动力,调整产业结构的理论分析后认为加快城市化进程是西海固地区摆脱贫困的必由之路。文章认为加快西海固地区城市化过程应采取如下对策:①积极开展西海固城镇体系规划,充分发挥其指导作用,②要充分利用靠近铁路、河流的有利条件,以现有县镇为依托分层次搞好城市建设,③城市建设要引入新的机制,④进行产业结构调整,⑤培育和搞活市场,充分调动回族经商的积极性,⑥建设宝中铁路工作走廊,推动城市化过程,⑦加快发展乡镇企业,私营和个体企业,⑧注重城市可持续发展,加大科技教育投入。