中国城市化发展的人居环境支撑条件分析

在构建人居环境支撑条件评价体系基础上,采用均方差赋权法对全国286个地级以上城市人居环境支撑条件进行综合评价,并结合空间计量方法进一步探讨人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平的影响效应。结果显示:我国城市人居环境支撑条件整体不高;人居环境支撑条件空间差异显著,呈现出东部、中部、东北、西部依次递减的区域性特征;人居环境支撑条件子系统亦存在空间不均衡与发展不同步现象,且生态环境、居住条件、社会经济与公共服务设施支撑条件依次降低;人居环境支撑条件与城市化水平存在对应关系与部分错位现象。空间计量分析验证人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平具有显著的促进作用,但普通OLS回归却低估人居环境支撑条件对城市化水平的带动能力。     

珠三角地区城市化与生态环境的交互胁迫关系及耦合协调度

基于"交互胁迫验证-动态耦合应用-协调类型判别"框架,构建了城市化与生态环境发展状态综合评价指标体系,运用交互胁迫模型和耦合协调度测算模型对珠三角地区9个城市2000年以来的城市化与生态环境交互胁迫关系和协调类型进行了实证分析。结果表明:珠三角地区城市化与生态环境之间存在交互胁迫关系,演变轨迹符合双指数曲线,经济水平高的地区的拐点出现时城市化水平较高,且拐点出现晚于经济水平较低的地区;二者协调发展符合"S"型发展机制,2000年以来耦合协调度一直处于磨合发展阶段,系统协调模式属于生态脆弱型。     

城市化的文学书写——基于社会-空间辩证法的《炸裂志》解析

以小说《炸裂志》为分析对象,利用社会-空间辩证法这一工具,对中国城市化的文学书写进行诠释。研究指出,《炸裂志》用“神实主义”的手法,反映出城市化对社会和权力关系的巨大影响、资本推动城市化的内在动因,以及城市化过程中社会意识形态的变迁。此外,利用桥接小说桥段与真实生活片段的方式,《炸裂志》记叙、再现与诠释了一个蒙太奇的城市化过程。《炸裂志》中记述的城市化与空间生产过程体现了社会-空间复杂的辩证关系。城市化是社会经济关系的空间体现;同时,空间生产对社会与权力关系亦发挥建构性的作用。空间的生产伴随着权力关系的生产,而对资本、权力与空间的争夺,也重构了社会的文化价值与身份认同。     

宋代太湖流域农村城市化现象探析

在宋代太湖流域,随着社会经济的繁荣和城镇的发展,出现了一定程度上的农村城市化现象,其主要表现是：州县城市的空前兴盛以及由此引发的农村商品经济的发展和城郊都市化趋势;农村镇级中心地的大量涌现及其城市化特征的初步形成;乡村草市的广泛兴起和农村市场的快速成长。到南宋时期,太湖流域的农村城市化率已达到10%左右。     

Urban Women and the Transformations of Braedpraes1 in Honiara2

In the capital city of the Solomon Islands, brideprice is often given to formalize the marriage of young couples from the island of Malaita. For the young wife, brideprice is a reminder that she is expected to work and produce children for the lineage of her husband, an obligation that is at times strongly impressed upon her by her in-laws. Data gathered in Honiara over the last 15 years, most recently in 2015–2016, show the emergence of a variety of patterns among Malaitan women living in Honiara regarding their productive and reproductive autonomy, and their role in brideprice. Beyond their diversity, what these data reveal, we argue, is that the interstitial cultural spaces created by the urbanization of social and economic relations afford young urban women the possibility of engaging with brideprice in a way that had not been possible until then. We demonstrate that, as members of an emerging new middle-class, these women seek (either in agreement with their husbands, or in spite of them) to transform the meaning of brideprice: while showing respect to their in-laws and to tradition, their goal is to gain greater control over their lives within the confines of brideprice sociality.     

City as province in China: the territorial urbanization of Chongqing

Chongqing is a province-level city region in China’s interior with a land area larger than many small countries. Limited scholarship tends to treat Chongqing as a new jurisdiction formed in relation to development of the Three Gorges Dam and reform of historic state-planned industry from the Mao era. This analysis turns to the complex process of land redistricting in a process of “territorial urbanization” that has also simultaneously reshaped the economy of Chongqing. By conceptualizing Chongqing as a dynamic administrative territory, this analysis defines changes in the relational configuration of its administrative divisions (xingzheng quhua) as a multi-faceted state strategy of governing land use change and the fiscal regime to realize infrastructure development. Especially by establishing districts in Chongqing, territorial urbanization works to enhance the funding capacity of the Chongqing government to develop larger, expansive infrastructure projects. This urban transformation of Chongqing demonstrates how processes of land use change and government funding, materializing in the built environment, are directly related to changes in state territorial configuration.     

Return migration in China: a case study of Zhumadian in Henan province

This paper examines the causes and process of return migration from the coastal region to the inland provinces in China since the early 2010s, based on the case study of Zhumadian city in Henan Province. Surveys administered to both rural migrants from Zhumadian to Shenzhen and recent returnees to Zhumadian are presented. Industrial relocation and the development of inland provinces trigger the current wave of return migration. Family obligations, better prospects of the hometown, and barriers to settle in Shenzhen because of the hukou system are the principal reasons to return. Most of the migrants return to work in a factory or start a business. Some migrants purchase apartments in Zhumadian as a prelude to returning and starting a business at a future date. Returnees prefer settling down in urban areas rather than in their rural origins. In light of the empirical findings, the authors argue that return migration will ease the mismatch of labor supply and demand between the inland and coastal provinces, such that the Lewis Turning Point has not been reached yet. The continuing process of rural migrants returning to and settling down in Zhumadian suggests a way to achieve some of the goals in China’s new-type urbanization plan, as local governments may address the two major challenges of the plan, namely, local job creation and financing for increased demand for public services.     

Employment growth and regional development: industrial change and contextual differences between Denmark and Sweden

This paper explores the potential drivers behind uneven regional development in the context of employment growth in Denmark and Sweden. In particular, we are interested in the roles of urbanization, industrial change and the rise of the new economy as manifested in the growth of the two economies in 2002–2007. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to analyse the impact of a number of key industrial sectors on regional employment growth in the two countries. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal matched employer–employee data retrieved from official registers in each economy from 2002 to 2007, a period of strong national growth following the crisis of early 2000. Our findings indicate that the two economies follow a similar pattern in addressing total employment growth; but looking at changes in employment levels across the national borders of these two relatively similar open economies, we find that, although in general these economies react relatively similarly to changes, embarking on a narrower analysis of the individual sectors reveals marked national differences. This indicates that context matters in the analysis of regional economic dynamics in terms of structure, system and policy.     

我国中西部地区乡村城市化问题与对策探讨——以中西部地区第一个乡村城市化试点县市巩义为例

文章以我国中西部地区第一个国家级乡村城市化试点县市巩义为例,剖析了中西部地区乡村城市化的理论背景、制约因素以及面临的主要问题,并提出了促进乡村城市化的若干对策。     

中国人口文化素质指数及其空间分异

在构建人口文化素质指数的基础上,结合我国文化教育现状,对我国近十年的人口文化素质指数进行了定量与定性分析。结果表明:我国人口文化素质指数正在快速提高,但整体水平较低;人口文化素质指数的空间差异明显,东部最高,中部次之、西部最低,低于全国平均水平的省域主要位于西部;近2/3的省域发散趋异,收敛趋同的省域不到1/3,向上发散趋异的省域主要位于东、中部,向下发散趋异的省域主要位于西部,空间差异有扩大的趋势;人口文化素质指数与人口城市化水平、经济发展水平分别存在显著的线性关系和对数关系。