Use-wear analysis of an Amudian laminar assemblage from the Acheuleo-Yabrudian of Qesem Cave,Israel

In this paper the results of use-wear analysis of an Amudian lithic assemblage recently discovered at Qesem Cave, Israel, are presented. Although very old, this assemblage maintains well-preserved traces of use that indicate that butchering activities and plants collecting were carried out at the site. Cut marks on faunal remains confirm the observations obtained by use-wear analysis.     

The impact of crime on firm entry

The article investigates the effect of crime on firm entry rates in Italian provinces over the period 2007–2016. The extant literature focuses mainly on the relationship between crime and the sorting of new businesses. The present paper contributes to this stream of work by estimating the effect of crime on the overall propensity to engage in entrepreneurial activities across a national territory. We measure the extent to which property and violent crime affect firm entry rates using an instrumental variable approach in which the instrument for criminal activity is the effective abortion rate. Our findings suggest that crime has a negative, sizable impact on firm entry. The results are robust to alternative instrumental variables and firm entry indicators. This empirical exercise emphasizes the need to consider loss of new business activities as a downstream effect when computing the social costs of crime.     

市内激励源对古建筑振动的影响

为了分析在不同激励下振动对古建筑的影响,选择苏州市省级文物保护单位——玉涵堂古建筑进行振动测试。记录了环境振动、地下轨道交通激励、人群社会活动激励和音响激励四种工况时一座两层砖木阁楼的振动信号。发现经过严格振动控制的地下轨道交通激励对古建筑振动的贡献可以忽略;环境振动和音响激励时段古建筑横向振动速度达标,而人群社会活动激励时段横向振动速度超标。从古建筑的建筑结构和功能区域划分以及人的激励形式三个方面对通常被忽视的人的因素进行了探讨,并提出了相应的减振措施。研究成果为其它类似两层砖木阁楼古建筑防护提供依据。     

需求弹性对产业活动的指示功能研究

需求弹性对产业活动有很强的指示功能。围绕需求弹性不同的商品的需求(量)对经济变量的依存关系,研究如何运用需求弹性指导产业活动行为有重要意义。本文概述了需求弹性的数学基础,结合需求弹性释义,从价格弹性、需求收入弹性和交叉(价格)弹性等方面讨论了需求弹性对产业活动的指示功能。     

Rethinking grassroots campaigners in the digital media: The ‘grassroots orchestra’ in Italy

The diffusion of digital media allows the emergence of new types of relations between grassroots campaigners and organisers. This article presents the results of a comparative qualitative study of two Italian cases of grassroots online participation: a local electoral campaign and a single-issue social movement. The first case is ‘Tell your Milano’, a project that took place during the electoral campaign for Mayor of Milan in the spring of 2011. The second case is the ‘Purple People’ (Popolo Viola), an Italian social movement started in 2009 to demand the resignation of the Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi. The article introduces the concept of a ‘grassroots orchestra’: a grassroots campaign aimed at a short-term objective, coordinated by a non-grassroots political actor and performed by a community sharing a uniform and coherent context.

数字媒体的扩散导致了草根运动家与组织者之间新型关系的出现。本文对两个意大利草根在线参与案例——一为地方选举运动,一为独立议题社会运动——做了对比定性研究。前一个案例是所谓“告诉你一个马力诺”,是2011年春米兰市长选举中的一项活动。另一个“紫色人民”始于2009年,是一个要求贝卢斯科尼总理辞职的社会运动。本文引进了“草根乐队”的概念,意即短期目标的草根运动,由非草根政治主体协调,并由处在同一语境中的一个社群来完成。     

Changing children's geographies

This keynote explores the changing nature of children's geographies as an academic project. It proceeds in four parts. Part 1 considers the shift away from research on children's spatial cognition which envisaged the child in largely biological terms, and contemplates contemporary efforts to rework the nature/culture dualism. Part 2 traces the incorporation of new social studies of childhood into geography, emphasising the importance of children's voices, their positioning within axes of power, and the need for quantitative and qualitative methods. Part 3 explores how feminist research led to interest in parents, educators and other actors/institutions which shape, and are shaped by, children's lives. Part 4 ponders what children's geographies might add to, and learn from, broader interdisciplinary debates, and the benefits and pitfalls of research impact. The conclusion argues that a well-informed appreciation of sub-disciplinary history provides a strong vantage point from which to engage with new ways of thinking.     

日军在华军事谍报活动与七七事变的爆发

1936年前后,日军开始加强对华军事谍报力量,全力收集旨在发动军事进攻必须的谍报,并且在七七事变前夕,基本上完成了对中国陆军部署状况和作战能力等的调查,掌握了中国空军各种绝密信息,摸清了中国北方国防工事的构筑状况。因此,即使仅仅从情报收集的角度来看,七七事变也是日军精心策划的必然产物。     

清末苏南厘金征收的基层实态与区域市场结构

厘金制度是近代重要的商税制度,影响着商品经济和市场发展。晚清苏南地区的厘金征收实态可以复原,进而可以梳理征收名目及各类征收模式。征税模式并不完全以商品划分,而是有多种选择,既便于商人据自身情况选择缴纳,又保证官方尽可能多收款项,以此平衡两者关系。以厘卡为对象进行ArcGIS泰森多边形分割,分析苏南地区的市场空间结构,结果显示,清末苏南厘卡半径范围为5.56—6.67千米,府局半径范围为16.45—21.93千米。基于府级厘局与厘卡所生成的泰森多边形差异,与施坚雅模式条件下的区域市场分析不尽相同,这种差异源于区域市场内空间载体属性的差别,部分反映“厘金局的地方市场问题”的空间特征。     

大跃进时期基层干群冲突及司法介入研究--以肥西县“方世新案”为中心

"方世新案"是大跃进与人民公社化时期安徽省肥西县发生的比较典型的因干群矛盾与冲突升级而导致的"凶杀"案。该案最终被定性为反党、反社会主义的反革命案件。官方处理此类案件,审判程序极为简化,即根据《中华人民共和国惩治反革命条例》作出判决。就审判过程而言,加强党的集中领导与管控、贯彻群众路线及考虑案犯罪恶的历史与现行关系,是大跃进与人民公社化时期中共最为重要的司法实践逻辑。这种逻辑也对应体现了这个时期司法发展历程的3个面向,即:司法政党化、司法群众化及司法革命化。但这3个方面的实践,最终将难免矮化司法的独立性、专属性及程序化,即会产生"秩序",也会导致"失序"。该项研究为探访大跃进时期基层干群冲突及司法介入问题提供一个基层个案与视角。     

Spatio‐Temporal Modelling As A Way to Reconstruct Patterns of Past Human Activities

This paper examines the possibilities of creating quantified models of past human activities in both time and space. The study area lies in the south‐eastern Czech Republic and western Slovakia. The spatio‐temporal model of behavioural categories was calculated with the help of Monte Carlo simulations and statistical testing. One of the main advantages of our approach is that it admits the probabilistic nature of input data, quantifies them and provides probabilistic results comparable with other proxies. It also presents a less biased way of how archaeological data from regions and periods with low numbers of ¹⁴C datings can be incorporated into models of past population dynamics.