Corporate Social Responsibility,Supply‐chains and Saami Claims: Tracing the Political in the Finnish Forestry Industry

At the heart of debate surrounding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) lies an inherent anxiety over the division of responsibility between states and corporations. Commonly taken for granted is a natural and a priori separation of government and market activities. This paper provides a critique of the conceptual division of responsibility between ‘state’ and ‘market’ actors, and explores the politically ambivalent roles of state financed companies in global CSR dialogues on the rights of Indigenous Peoples. It uses a case concerning logging on Saami reindeer herding territory, and explores a particularly Finnish articulation of CSR and supply‐chain management in the Finnish forestry and paper sector.     

Public Policy and the Idea of the Vietnamese State: The Cultural Political Economy of Domestic Water Supply

Using Rural Water Supply (RWS) policy practices as a case study, this article shows that the disjunction between implementation as formally conceived and informally practised is not a question of ineffective policy cycle dynamics, but rather an inherent feature of Vietnam’s Cultural Political Economy. Drawing on critical realist approaches to social and state theory, we argue that formal and informal RWS policy practices, as a set of two interconnected spheres, serve as key, separate but connected, mechanisms for reproducing the distribution of material resources (primarily through the informal sphere) and the hegemony of ideas (primarily through the formal sphere) in Vietnamese society. We conclude that the formal, administrative practices of RWS policy are primarily to be understood in their function of reproducing the idea of the state and state legitimacy. RWS administrative practices function to sustain the core social and political order in Vietnam as institutionalised in “the state”, rather than being primarily oriented to improving rural water supply. The findings raise questions for donor-supported programs that focus on formal administrative institutions and practices for improving the performance of the water sector.     

Famine responses in the world food crisis 1972–5 and the World Food Conference of 1974

In the early 1970s, there was scarcity in the world grain market, soaring prices and famines in several countries of Asia and Africa. The commercial grain trade was expanded at the expense of food aid. After a brief look at policies addressing the situation in terms of modernised methods of agricultural production for small producers, the article sketches how such policies also affected relief efforts, from the low availability for food aid, the provision of food that was not useful and late deliveries through efforts to tie food aid to local changes in agricultural production and settlement patterns. In part, food aid thus reinforced processes of social differentiation that had contributed to causing the famines in the first place.     

Gender mainstreaming and water development projects: analyzing unexpected enviro-social impacts in Bolivia,India, and Lesotho

Gender mainstreaming policies and programs, meant to be gender-sensitive or to target gender issues, are increasingly implemented by both governmental and non-governmental actors. However, these projects seem set to continually aim solely at women, despite more than a decade of work encouraging broader scope. Using recent case studies from Bolivia, Lesotho, and India, we address the tensions laden in three major questions about water, gender, and development: (1) Is mandatory inclusion of women in water governance and decision-making effective?, (2) Do water development projects provide equal benefits and burdens for women and men?, and (3) In what ways are water projects and their policies impacting and impacted by gendered enviro-social spaces? By providing triangulated data from ethnographic studies in three distinct local contexts, we are able to pinpoint major cross-cutting themes that serve to highlight and interrogate the gendered impacts of water development projects’ policies: public and private lives, women’s labor expectations, and managing participation. We find that gender mainstreaming endeavors continue to fall short in their aim to equitably include women in their programming and that geographic, environmental, and socio-cultural spaces are intimately related to how these equitability issues play out. We provide practical recommendations on how to address these issues.     

The Water Pools and the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Late Second Temple Period

A significant number of water pools existed in Jerusalem in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. The pools constitute an archaeological phenomenon that should be analysed in its own right. No other city in the region had so many stand-alone large pools in its urban landscape. This paper offers an explanation of this phenomenon based on its cultural, historical, and archaeological context. The article discusses the corpus of pools, including the dating, the methods of water collection and their possible use in light of similar water installations that were common in this period. In the analysis of the pools' appearance in Jerusalem, the paper examines the broader context of the phenomenon—water utilisation by Jewish society in the time of the Second Temple before 70 AD. The conclusion drawn is that the pools are a manifestation of the wide-scale pilgrimage movement to Jerusalem that emerged in the Late Second Temple.     

西部大开发与自然环境保护及生态建设

当前已经开始的西部大开发 ,是事关我国现代化建设和中华民族长远生存与发展的重大战略问题。本文在详细分析了西部现有生态环境的基础上 ,对在大开发中如何保护自然环境及进行生态建设作了论证。     

人民公社供给制探析

本文深刻剖析了 1 958年大办农村人民公社时期 ,人民公社实施供给制分配原则的弊端、原因及经验教训 ,从理论和实践上阐明了平均主义与社会主义、共产主义的原则区别。历史证明 ,随心所欲地改变生产关系 ,制定超前的分配原则 ,一定遭到历史的惩罚。     

广东价格改革的实践与经验

价格改革是广东乃至全国经济体制改革的重要一环 ,广东价格改革的成功 ,为全国的经济体制改革提供了经验 ,本文拟在探讨广东价格改革成功经验的基础上 ,从理论上和实践上对广东价格改革成功的基本原因进行探讨 ,并进一步分析社会主义市场经济条件下价格体系的若干问题。     

山东省人均粮食变化的时空差异研究

人均粮食占有量是反映粮食供给水平的重要指标。本文分析了山东省人均粮食占有量变化的时空差异研究,并探讨了其与粮食增产的关系,对因地制宜调控人粮关系有一定的参考价值。     

广州城市产业用地供应规模和结构时空特征及机制

根据2007—2020年广州土地供应结果,利用数理统计和空间分析等方法探讨了城市产业供地规模和结构时空特征及机制。研究发现：(1)供地规模和存量用地占比上升,供地向重点开发区集聚。(2)第二产业供地比重下降,制造业下降明显。(3)第三产业供地比重上升,流通和社会公共需求服务部门上升明显。(4)46种行业供地比重变化可分持续下降、持续上升、先降后升、先升后降、波动类型。(5)各圈层供地结构存在差异,但均以房地产为主。(6)供地组合可分5大类,10个亚类,以生产和生活服务部门为主。(7)供地受政策工具、土地市场、集聚扩散、产业互动、产业生命周期和特殊城市本底等方面影响。