论明代宗学设置的原因

明代宗学于隆庆三年（1569年）开始正式设置,万历四十六年（1618年）最后完成,历时49年,先后共设置约30所。然对明代宗学设置的原因,学术界无人问津。本文细绎史料,认为明代宗学的设置是多种因素共同作用的结果。明初建立的宗室教育机制的固有缺陷是明中后期设置宗学的内在原因;天顺以后王府官选用制度的蜕变、宗室犯罪率上升及犯罪类型多样、随着宗室人口剧增带来的宗禄问题是促使宗学设置的外在因素。     

试论日本早期国家官制的形成与发展

因为卑弥呼女王的王权尚处于早期的原始阶段,故其官制很不完备,只能说是出现了早期国家官制的萌芽。倭五王时期的官制还是属于一种日本早期国家特色的以地方首长和大王之间的人身依附关系为基础的带有浓厚的贵族血缘特色的统治形式,具有非制度化的特点,而且其官职大多受中国官职的影响,氏族血统作为授予职位的唯一依据。不过与弥生时代的邪马台国的官制相比,则已经标志着日本早期国家官制的形成。圣德太子所实施的冠位制进一步发展了日本早期国家官制,作为早期国家官制发展的一个顶峰,具有开创性的历史意义,由此形成了日本古代国家官僚制度的核心一位阶制的雏形。     

从供给制到职务等级工资制——新中国建立前后党政人员收入分配制度的演变

Around the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the income distribution system of party and government officials has experienced a great reform from the supply system featured by equalitarianism to the duty-graded salary system with strict ranks and wide gaps. This change runs against the convention of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and proposition of Marx Karl. Chairman Mao Zedong was never satisfied with this distribution system marked by strict ranks and tried to amend it. It amounted to the same at the end as his failure to prevent the generation of this system, even though it experienced “the Cultural Revolution.” Translated by Luo Hui from Lishi Yanjiu 历史研究 (Historical Research), 2007, (4): 111–137     

关中天水经济区核心—边缘旅游空间结构解析

核心—边缘结构是区域旅游空间结构演化的重要解释模型,本文从复杂系统理论和分形理论切入重新解构旅游空间结构演变特征、动态过程和测度方法。以关天经济区为例实证分析并得出结论:核心—边缘旅游空间结构具有层次性、涌现性和分形的特征,演变过程分为核心集聚极化、边缘扩散溢出和空间动态平衡三个阶段;首位度、分形等方法能很好揭示旅游空间结构演化过程;关天经济区旅游空间属于典型的核心—边缘结构,目前处于核心集聚极化阶段后期,溢出效应逐步显现,次级核心基本形成,空间结构与等级结构紧密耦合,发展态势良好。     

论大旅游格局下的旅游高等教育

我国已经逐步进入了大旅游时代,大旅游格局对我国旅游高等教育提出了更新要求,探索适合大旅游格局的旅游教育规律是发展旅游高等教育的首要任务之一。高校培养适合大旅游时代的应用型旅游管理人才必须以课程体系为基础,以职业素养为核心,提振专业信心、集中办学精力,明确培养目标、突出专业重点,直面格局内核、创新培养模式,夯实课程基础、提升师资内涵,强化职业素质、树立服务理念。     

极边、次边、近里：北宋西北边疆层级体系三级制界说

学界关于北宋西北边疆层级体系到底是二级制还是三级制存在分歧,并有许多不够明确的地方。本文认为,北宋边疆层级体系在西北、北方两个方向是由极边、次边、近里构成的三级制。其中,河东路与河北路由于与辽的关系比较和缓,三级制的层级体系相对稳定。陕西路与京东路由于有西夏的和战关系以及女真崛起等因素的影响,尽管仍实行三级制,但其层级体系存在或多或少的变动。总体而言,北宋西北边疆层级体系是一种基于纵深防御理论的边防体系。     

GIS进入历史地理学研究10年回顾

地理信息系统进入中国历史地理学研究已经有10年历史,本文回顾了这10年间以CHGIS为主要代表的历史地理信息化建设的主要成果,显示出这一手段已经成为历史地理某些方向的常规方法,特别在历史河流地貌研究中发挥了很大作用,使历史时期河流的相对精细形态得以呈现。以黄河"京东故道"重建为代表的空间矢量数据获得方法为学界相关研究树立了典范,在矢量数据重建的基础上,"度-簇"结构和"分形"在分析所获得的历史空间矢量数据方面具有很大前景。     

浅谈西夏分立的政治地理背景

本文论述了我国宋代政治地理的三大背景特征：长城体系被打破,经济、文化、政治重心的南移,河西走廊为西夏占据,及其对西夏立国的影响。     

Network Structures in Regional Innovation Systems

While interactive learning and inter-organizational relations are the fundamental building blocks in regional innovation system (RIS) theory, the framework is rarely related to investigations of regional knowledge network structures, because in RIS literature relational structures and interaction networks are discussed in a rather fuzzy and generic manner, with the “network term” often being used rather metaphorically. This paper contributes to the literature by discussing theoretical arguments about interactions and knowledge exchange relations in the RIS literature from the perspective of social network analysis. More precise, it links network-theoretical concepts and insights to the well-known classification of RIS types by Cooke [(2004) Introduction: Regional innovation systems – an evolutionary approach, in: P. Cooke, M. Heidenreich & H.-J. Braczyk (Eds) Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governances in a Globalized World, 2nd ed., pp. 1–18 (London: UCL Press)]. We thereby exemplarily show how the RIS literature and the literature on regional knowledge networks can benefit from considering insights of the respective other.     

Unearthing an Atlantean myth in Angkor: geoarchaeological investigation of the ‘underwater road’ crossing the Tonle Sap Lake,Cambodia

Of the many myths surrounding the medieval city of Angkor, Cambodia, one of the most obscure but pervasive is the existence of a road built across the Tonle Sap Lake. This road supposedly ran from the Angkorian ‘port’ at Phnom Krom to the temples situated in the Battambang district some 70 km southwest of capital. New geoarchaeological information demonstrates that the ‘road’ is actually a series of localised occurrences of authegenic calcite, which probably formed approximately 5500 years Before Present. Our results demystify this intractable Cambodian legend expand on the dynamic history of this important water body in mainland Southeast Asia.