Providing fun in the ‘world of tourism’: servicing backpackers in Indonesia

Service sector work is a special arena for the formation of gendered subjects because its workers are both service providers and part of the consumed product in the sense that they have to deliver a ‘quality’ product and have the ‘right attitude’ toward customers. Based on repeated qualitative fieldwork, including in-depth interviews with tourism workers in a backpacker tourism enclave in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, this article explores the ways in which tourism work and tourism workers are constructed as gendered subjects. Although women and men might have the same work tasks within tourism, they are positioned differently, and it is not unusual for women to be seen as having a hidden agenda that is assumed to involve sex work. Men are constructed as the norm to which women are compared and consequently perceived as deviating from. Between men and women working in tourism and the western backpackers on which tourism workers depend in order to sustain their livelihoods, relations of class, gender and colonial stereotypes come into play. Tourism workers consider themselves to be seen as providers of fun, which means that they are able to meet the needs of the tourists, whatever those needs might be.     

‘Draw me your neighbourhood’: a gentrified Paris neighbourhood through its children's eyes

This article aims to contribute to the international research on the relationship between the child and the city, based on drawings and interviews collected from 4th grade children in a socially mixed gentrified neighbourhood of Paris. Its ambition is to reflect on the methodological contribution of drawings to analyse the children's representation of the neighbourhood. In doing so, the article also presents the principal facets of a gentrified Parisian district as perceived by the children themselves, by studying to what extent children's gender and diverse social backgrounds impact their neighbourhood representations and experiences.     

三种植物成分防霉活性及其对纸张、颜料影响的实验研究

针对文物保存中的霉菌病害问题,测试了三种植物成分柠檬醛、肉桂醛和香茅醛在室温条件下的自然挥发对文物中几种常见的橘青霉、黑曲霉、球毛壳三种霉菌的防霉活性,研究了三种成分对实验宣纸的色差、强度影响和对三种丙烯的颜色的色料影响。结果表明,三种成分均具有良好的气相防霉效果,但对文物材质的影响有所差异。     

Women in parliaments in the Pacific region

The island states of the Pacific region are at the bottom of the international league table for the representation of women in parliament. Despite considerable efforts by international agencies and donor governments and by women of the region, progress on increasing representation is extraordinarily slow. Three major explanations for these low levels of representation can be identified. The most common explanation relates to cultural beliefs, while a second account locates the problem in women's socio-economic status. The third explanation argues that there are obstacles for women in the electoral and parliamentary institutions that warrant the introduction of legislated minimum representation of women. Each of these explanations contributes value to our understanding but each also has significant deficiencies, which are identified in the article.

就议会的妇女代表性而论,太平洋地区的岛屿国家可谓国际圆桌会议的垫底。尽管有国际机构和捐助国以及该地区女性的坚持不懈,提高妇女代表性的进展格外缓慢。对于这种低水平的代表性可以有三种解释。最常见的解释与文化观念有关,第二种强调妇女的社会经济地位。第三种解释认为,选举以及议会体制中存在一些障碍,使得妇女的代表性在立法上被最小化。三种解释都有助于我们对问题的理解,但它们又都存在着本文所指出的重要缺陷。     

在商务英语教学中应渗透中西文化差异教育

中西文化存在很大的差异,语言是文化的载体,不可避免地映射了中西文化差异。因此,在商务英语的教学过程中,任课教师要潜移默化地渗透中西文化差异教育,让学生了解不同的历史背景、风俗习惯、风土人情和文化传统,这样才能使他们掌握语言的背景、内涵,从而恰当地运用商务英语进行商务活动。     

Negotiating social identities: The influence of gender,age and ethnicity on young people's ‘street careers’ in Tanzania

This paper explores the diverse ways that children and young people negotiate their social identities and construct their life course trajectories on the street, based on ethnographic research with street children in Tanzania. Drawing on the concept of a ‘street career’, I show how differences of age, gender and ethnicity intersect with the time spent on the street, to influence young people's livelihood strategies, use of public space, access to services, and adherence to cultural rites of passage. Using the notion of ‘gender performativity’, I analyse how young people actively reconfigure gender norms and the concept of ‘the family’ on the street.     

Constructing Social Capital: Self‐Help Groups and Rural Women's Development in India

The success of the group approach in rural micro‐finance among women has inspired the tendency to look at all networking as essentially good and desirable in rural community development, without acknowledging the entrenched caste, class, ethnic and religious hierarchies that lead to diversities among women. Government schemes designed for poverty alleviation among rural women tend to be influenced by concepts and models that have been successful elsewhere, but do not take into account the diversities of situations at the local level. Internationally popular catchwords are used indiscriminately without questioning how these concepts can work effectively in the specific local context. This paper examines why some ‘self‐help groups’ fail by using the Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) experience in India. The empirical survey was done over a period of two years in Burdwan, a relatively rich agricultural tract located in eastern India. We argue that whilst the ‘group’ has inherent benefits, it must never be allowed to become the paradigm in developmental policies for women.     

对青海省出生人口性别比的分析与思考

人口出生性别比的失衡,是一个较为严重的社会问题,它会对今后家庭、社会的稳定和可持续发展带来危害。本文分析了青海省出生人口性别比失衡的状况及其危害,提出相应的治理对策。     

风景名胜区土地经济密度差异特征研究——以中国国家级风景名胜区为例

风景名胜区土地经济密度是衡量旅游用地效益的关键指标.为掌握中国风景名胜区土地利用经济状况、类型和空间差异特征,本文以国家级风景名胜区为研究对象,应用土地经济密度指数、变差异系数和Arcgis空间分析法对中国2003年～ 2009年26个省（市、区）国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度及其差异特征进行分析.结果表明：（1）从全国层面来看,我国国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度总体上呈现逐年上升的趋势,其中陵寝类、壁面石窟类、历史圣地类等三类风景名胜区土地经济密度相对较大;（2）分省层面来看,我国国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度的区域差异明显,区域时间差异变化上大致呈现“整体上升型”、“有升有降型”和“整体下降型”三种类型;区域差异动态特征显示,26个省（市、区）国家级风景名胜区土地经济密度的区域差异随着时间的变化呈现先缩小后扩大的趋势.     

极化理论视角下我国旅游发展差异实证研究

本文运用主成分分析法计算出我国省际旅游发展综合指数,通过Esteban-Ray极化指数原理设计出我国旅游发展极化指数,在此基础上分析了我国旅游发展极化现象。实证研究发现,我国旅游发展极化效应开始显现,旅游发展有向均衡方向演变的趋势,旅游发展极化与经济发展极化呈现出较强的正相关关系;比较我国三大区域旅游发展极化趋势,结果显示,东部地区旅游发展极化程度显著大于中西部地区。