北周墓葬的地下空间与设施

本文通过对北周墓葬形制、随葬品布局、壁画内容和布局等资料的整理和总结,明确了北周墓葬地下空间与设施的特点。论文重点讨论了北周墓葬形制中最具特色的前后双室墓出现的背景和原因,壁龛设置的非制度性,壁画的象征意境,以及田弘墓的特殊性等问题。     

‘Not All That Is White Is Lime’—White Substances from Archaeological Burial Contexts: Analyses and Interpretations

Archaeological burial contexts may include a variety of white substances, but few analyses have been published. This study reports on the physico‐chemical characterization of such residues from seven archaeological sites. It is often assumed that white materials from burial contexts are lime. Our findings demonstrate that they can be gypsum, calcite (chalk), aragonite, brushite, degraded metal, natural (gum) resins or synthetic polymer–based products. These may be present as the result of diagenetic processes, funerary practices or modern contamination. This paper provides an analytical approach for the holistic investigation of white materials encountered in burial contexts.     

Nabataean or not? The ancient necropolis of Dumat. First stage: a reassessment of al‐Dayel's excavations

Two reports on excavations carried out in 1985–1986 by archaeologist Khaled Abdulaziz al‐Dayel and published in the journal Atlal (1988, 1986) have revealed the existence of ‘Hellenistic tombs’ in the Dūmat al‐Jandal oasis (ancient Adummatu/Dumat/Dumata) in northern Saudi Arabia. Although attributed more precisely to the Nabataeans by Khalil al‐Muaikel (1994), these tombs nevertheless appear not to have interested specialists of this historical period in the least. Moreover, a re‐examination of the architectural data and of the grave‐goods indicates the difficulty of establishing a link between the unearthed remains and a purely ‘Nabataean’ cultural sphere (i.e. of the Petra type). This study therefore attempts to reassess published archaeological data, formulate questions on the Nabataean presence in the oasis, and also to demonstrate the relations connecting Dumat to the great Levantine and Mesopotamian cultural spheres between the first century BC and the second century AD.     

历史批判与现实关怀:清代中期史学家的风俗论

探讨古今风俗之流变及其与历史演进的关系,是清代中期史学发展上的一个重要现象。清代中期的史学家评论风俗的重点,一是考察了清代以前风俗对朝代盛衰的积极和消极影响;二是批判清代中期社会上出现的不良风气,倡导士大夫阶层在引领风俗的良性发展上扮演重要角色,特别强调士大夫要树立廉耻观念。他们还总结出风俗的时代性、相对稳定性、地域性和民族性等特征。清代中期的风俗论,反映了考史学家的经世思想,体现了乾嘉史学的历史批判精神和关怀现实的学术品格,具有重要的现实价值和学术意义。     

内蒙古乌审旗郭家梁村北魏墓葬发掘简报

1992年9月至10月内蒙古自治区文物考古研究所会同鄂尔多斯博物馆、乌审旗文物管理所,对内蒙古乌审旗郭家梁村周围墓葬进行抢救性发掘。共计发掘5座墓葬,其中4座为北魏墓葬,墓葬均为带有墓道土洞墓。小型墓葬由墓道、甬道、墓室组成,大型墓葬由墓道、过洞、天井、甬道和墓室组成。随葬品数量不多,以陶器为主,还有铜器、铁器、料珠、泥钱等。对比墓葬形制和随葬品,这批发掘的四座墓葬是北魏占领大夏国首都统万城后遗留的墓葬。     

Reassessing the Age,Sex and Metric Variation of Commingled Human Remains from a 1911 Excavation of a Neolithic Passage Tomb Complex in North‐West Ireland

The Neolithic passage tomb complex at Carrowkeel, County Sligo, Ireland, is one of the best preserved and most significant megalithic funerary and ritual landscapes in Europe. The most substantial archaeological excavations at the complex were undertaken in 1911, from which a relatively large sample of commingled unburnt and cremated human remains from seven chambered passage tombs was recovered. Although the archaeological value of this material is reduced as its spatial and stratigraphic context is uncertain, the skeletal remains have the potential to provide insights into how these monuments were used. This study is a quantitative reassessment of that osteological material from the passage tombs excavated in 1911, with a focus on a contextual analysis of the remains. Overall, the age‐at‐death and sex ratios do not indicate any demographic differentiation between monuments in selecting locations for the deposition of bodies, and there is no clear evidence to suggest any selectiveness of certain skeletal elements took place. There may however have been a differentiating age and gender aspect in terms of the unburnt versus cremated bone surface depositions within the passage tombs, as a higher proportion of 5+ years non‐adults and adult females were present in the cremated material. By using the log‐ratio metric scaling technique on the cremated adult material, a statistically significant difference in skeletal dimensions is observed between individual passage tombs; however, it is unclear how significant this disparity is from a biocultural point of view. Despite apparent methodological difficulties in assessing an archaeological bone assemblage collected by early 20th‐century antiquarians, the material can still yield new knowledge about the rituals conducted at Carrowkeel. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.