An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Funerary Treatment and Bacterial Bioerosion in European Archaeological Human Bone

A central problem in funerary archaeology is interpreting how the corpse was manipulated in the immediate post mortem period. The extent of bacterial bioerosion to the internal bone microstructure has been proposed as a means to infer the early post mortem history of a corpse, as it has been suggested that this form of bone diagenesis is produced by an organism's putrefactive gut bacteria. Under this model, different forms of funerary treatment would be expected to leave characteristic signatures of bioerosion in archaeological bone. Here, we tested the extent to which bacterial bioerosion of ancient human bones reflected funerary treatment, through histological analysis of 301 archaeological human bone thin sections from 25 European archaeological sites. We found that bioerosion was significantly influenced by whether a bone originated from a neonatal individual or an anoxic context. When these remains were excluded, bioerosion was controlled by archaeological phase in a manner consistent with known early post mortem treatment and forensic models of bodily decomposition. These findings suggest that microscopic analyses of bone have useful applications in reconstructions of funerary processes and provide some insight into factors that may control the persistence of organic biomolecules and fossilization.     

史前捐弃房屋风俗的再研究

在我国史前时期曾存在着捐弃房屋的风俗.捐弃房屋的方式有烧毁、捣毁、废弃等几种方式.这种风俗存在的原因,主要应是与死者有关,是与安葬死者相关的一种仪式.它反映了远古先民的灵魂观念、禁忌习俗、尊卑观念和财产意识.     

从汉画看汉代游艺风俗

游艺,即游戏的艺术,是各种游戏或娱乐活动的总称,是人们以娱怀取乐、消闲遣兴为主要目的而进行的一种精神文化活动。汉画中的游艺图像折射了汉代游艺的内容与流变,体现了汉代社会的游艺风俗,反映了汉代人兼收并蓄、博大包容、崇勇尚武、重礼守节、积极乐观的精神面貌。     

在希望与绝望之间--论古代埃及人来世观念的产生和发展

从古代埃及流传下来的物和遗迹多数都与当时人们的宗教信仰和来世观念相关。在几千年的历史过程中,古代埃及人始终没有放弃对来世的追求。他们把尸体制作成木乃伊、修建豪华的墓室并且给死去的人奉献祭品。从表面上看,古代埃及人的来世观念从古王国到王朝后期没有什么变化,不过,如果仔细阅读他们留下来的有关献,我们会发现他们对命运和来世的认识及其态度发生了深刻的变化。尤其值得关注的是古代埃及人生前刻写在墓碑和墓壁上的自传,它们充分表达了墓主人在探讨死亡这个人生重大命题时的企盼、恐惧和无奈的复杂心态。     

越国贵族墓葬制葬俗初步研究

春秋战国时期崛起于太湖地区的越国,是南方百越民族中最为强大的一支--于越族所建立的国家。由于诸多方面的因素,越国历史文化有着许多独特内容,如越国上层贵族墓葬的葬制葬俗等。近年的考古调查发掘新资料及相关的研究探索揭示,墓上堆筑长方形覆斗状封土、使用带墓道的长方形竖穴土坑(岩坑)木椁墓制、墓外较普遍地设置陪葬器物坑以及完全用仿青铜原始瓷或硬陶的礼器与乐器代替青铜礼乐器随葬等,都是越国贵族墓葬葬制葬俗中颇具特色的几个重要方面。     

The Social Basis of Sacred Spaces in the Prehispanic Andes: Ritual Landscapes of the Dead in Chimú and Inka Societies

Sacred landscapes are a subset of the diverse media that people use to make statements about social order. Mary Douglas has discussed two dimensions of social order—group and grid—and suggested connections between their varied conceptions and expressions in the culturally constructed landscape. I extend Douglas's concepts to a specific domain of sacred landscapes, funerary architecture. Drawing on two examples from the prehispanic Andes, I argue that differences in Chimú and Inka funerary landscapes represent different conceptions of social order. Archaeological investigations of sacred spaces as expressions of varying social experience deepen understanding of Andean societies and other ancient peoples.     

历史社会地理研究刍议

本文对历史社会地理的研究内涵作了初步的勾勒,认为历史社会地理是研究历史时期各地人群的形成、分布及其变迁,研究地理因素对社会文化现象的影响,具体研究内容应包括历史时期社区及社会现象的地理研究,后者包括人群研究、风俗地理和社会变迁等。     

从上博简《子羔》和《容成氏》看古史传说中的后稷

上博简中记载有关周室先祖后稷诞生及其发展农业的内容 ,比如简文所记“串咎” ,即屡见于文献的高 (郊 )、宫 ;简文所说的“”、“”为后稷之母向神灵祈子所献之物。简文所载补充了文献的相关内容 ,并对考察上古习俗提供了线索。从简文内容看 ,春秋战国时期 ,有关后稷的传说正处于由质朴到神化的转变阶段。     

论中国古代的幌子广告

中国古代幌子广告经历了一个长期发展的过程。幌子广告的出现与原始人的图腾崇拜有着最直接的渊源关系。幌子广告的发展则与行商坐贾的分化不无关系。中国古代幌子广告类型众多,但概括起来,主要分为形象幌子、标志幌和字幌三种基本类型。幌子广告具有鲜明的行业特点,是中国古代民俗化的载体。     

礼俗化:新乡贤的组织方式及其文化逻辑

进入新时期以来,发源于我国东南沿海乡村地区的新乡贤现象日渐活跃,关注、梳理地方社会的乡贤文化传统也开始成为学界的研究热点之一。与古乡贤相比,当代新乡贤群体在组织方式与文化逻辑层面皆呈现出明显的礼俗化特征。从具体运行机制看,新乡贤的礼俗化主要表现为文化主体的双重认定、日常组织活动的人情"在场"及道德伦理的价值约束等方面。礼俗化现象的背后,还隐含着新乡贤介入乡村生活的两种文化逻辑,即礼俗一体与礼俗分立,而这也可能是新乡贤未来充分融入现代乡村社会的内在核心意涵。