从“障”到“瘴”:“瘴气”说生成的地理空间基础

瘴气研究是目前环境史、疾病史研究的热点,但以往研究没有解决的问题是,为什么南方的环境疾病被一致书写为"瘴",而不是别的某种表述?"瘴"原作"障","障"字在东汉中后叶(127-200年)已具备描述环境疾病的功能。"瘴"字则可能出现在西晋至南朝刘宋初年的一段时期,或许是从"障"的俗字——""演变而来。从字源、字义与文字的表达意象来看,"障气"之"障"凝结了空间阻隔意象与边疆意象,这一概念的生成与广泛使用,则体现出中原汉文化强烈的地域意识。     

澳门民间财神信仰旅游资源研究

民间财神信仰是中国财文化的重要组成部分,是澳门地区最具特色的民间信仰之一,近年来已成为澳门主要的旅游资源之一。财神又是博彩业的行业神,但是由于中国大多数地区禁止博彩,因此关于此类信仰的研究甚少。本文从澳门民间财神信仰出发,分析了澳门民间主要祭祀的财神的功能与形象,并探讨了澳门博彩行业神信仰的神灵系统构成及其具备的特点。     

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis cases found in Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection of Korea

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a disorder showing hyperostosis of the spinal column and ossification of extraspinal ligaments or tendons. The prevalence of DISH has been found to be higher in historic peoples of the upper‐ and ruling classes, and in fact was closely correlative with nutritional and high‐caloric diets. DISH is also known to be a function of genetic factors; as such, there have been very few cases of DISH found among the specimens of Asian skeletal collections. In our osteoarchaeological study on the Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection (JDHSC), we found four DISH instances among the 96 cases (4.17%) we examined. This prevalence is not so different from those discovered in already‐published studies on collections in Europe and other regions. However, as already stated, it must be considered that most of the JDHSC individuals we examined were remains of people from the highest social classes of 16th–18th century Joseon society. Therefore, when collections from medieval European monastic sites, the appropriate control from well‐fed populations, were used for comparison, the prevalence of DISH was found to be far lower among the JDHSC. Reports on DISH from examinations of collections in Asian countries have been spotty, leaving gaps in the social‐strata spectrum. Further researches into the prevalence of DISH among the different social strata of ancient or medieval Asian peoples are still required. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Evolution of a Holocene Estuarine Barrier on the Coromandel Coast,New Zealand

Whitianga Harbour on the Coromandel Peninsula, North Island, New Zealand is fronted by a broad sandy barrier composed of linear beach ridges. The barrier developed through a process of rollover as sea level rose in the early Holocene with shelly sandy sediment washed inland over estuarine muds. These overwash deposits are present to 3 m below sea level in the back barrier area. Once sea level stabilised and barrier rollover had ceased the barrier continued to prograde in a series of beach ridges. The back barrier area is characterised by estuarine muds, overlain by splay and overwash deposits that are reworked by fluvial and tidal channels. The initial flooding of the estuary occurred at around 7350–7225 years cal BP, reaching modern levels by 6894–6729 years cal BP at the earliest. Infill was rapid as evidenced by estuarine species (crustaceans and bivalves) preserved in life position. From ～6000 years BP to present, the estuary is characterised by tidal and fluvial reworking, suggesting that modern sediment inputs are bypassing the estuary.     

政治·民间小戏·乡村社会 论抗战时期陇东革命根据地的民间小戏改造

抗日战争爆发后,政治意志开始强势介入到民间小戏,进而渗透到乡村社会。边区政府对民间小戏的改造成为国家的政治诉求,本该再现乡村社会的多元图境和反映乡村民众真实想法的民间小戏在革命话语的主导下其结构及内容方面发生翻天覆地的变化,民间小戏的娱乐功能开始向政治教化功能转变。本文以抗战时期陇东革命根据地的民间小戏为考察对象,着重分析了革命话语下民间小戏改造及其功能的转变,以期揭示政治、民间小戏及乡村社会三者互动图境。     

‘Living’ in Nage,or the Meaning of ‘Life’ in an Eastern Indonesian Society

Originating in 19th century cultural evolutionary theory, a revised concept of ‘animism’ has in recent years found new life in anthropology in the writings of ontological relativists. Continuity is found in the reputed attribution of life by members of small‐scale non‐western societies to inanimate objects as well as to organisms. This new animism is typically contrasted with western or modern scientific thought, either exclusively or primarily. Concerning the Nage of the Indonesian island of Flores, this paper analyzes results of research into what things people regard as being alive (muzi). While the majority of Nage deem only animals, plants, and humans to be living, differences appear among informants distinguished by age and gender. As well as the overall finding, this variation and cultural usages contextually depicting certain inanimate objects as being alive raise questions about animism as a unitary way of knowing the world characteristic of single societies.     

Holocene Relative Sea-Level Change on the Isle of Skye,Inner Hebrides,Scotland

Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) changes are described for the Isle of Skye, based upon evidence from isolation basins and back barrier environments. RSL rose across low-lying coastal areas in the early Holocene, inundating isolation basins in the Sleat peninsula, and then fell back in the early-middle Holocene before a fluctuating rise occurred later in the middle and late Holocene. A short-lived marine inundation at one site may have been caused by an episode of rapid RSL rise after the discharge of Lakes Agassiz–Ojibway in North America and/or the Holocene Storegga Slide tsunami, generated by submarine landsliding off South-West Norway. The empirical evidence for RSL change on Skye is compared with a recent shoreline-based glacio-isostatic adjustment model, which includes Skye, showing altitudes for the Holocene Storegga Slide tsunami, Main Postglacial, Blairdrummond and Wigtown shorelines in the area. The empirical evidence is shown to be in accord with the altitudes predicted by the model.     

Migrant household homeownership outcomes in large Chinese cities - the sustained impact of hukou

Homeownership by migrant households in large Chinese cities is increasingly evident and sometimes blamed for driving up local housing prices. Hukou reform grants local hukou to migrants in small cities while it allows large cities to set up hukou entry barriers to control migration. This paper explores whether migrant households’ micro-level characteristics and macro-level urban policies relating to hukou reform have any impact on their housing tenure choices. Using data from a 2009 survey of migrant households in six large cities, this study adopts logistic regression models to examine factors influencing labor migrant households’ tenure decisions. We find that household income and head of household hukou type, contribution to pension fund, and enrollment in health insurance all positively predict homeownership. Migrant households are more likely to be found in cities with larger population size. We argue that city entry barriers create new forms of institutional haves and have-nots and new forms of inequality. The sustained impact of previous hukou types suggests inherited inequalities through intergenerational wealth transfer, which calls for targeted welfare policies to mediate.     

丁景唐与民歌社

丁英与民歌社,关系到20世纪40年代沪上一段重要的民间文学学术史。刘锡诚真正关注到了丁景唐作为民间文艺学家的成就,但他关于丁景唐与民歌社的有关论述尚存在一定的问题,有待澄清。通过全面的资料爬梳,考察民歌社的名称、成立、组创者、启事、地位,即可在一定程度上还原"丁英与民歌社"这段学术史。     

论唐代的民间淫祠与移风易俗

民间淫祠属于民间信仰的范畴 ,具有深厚的社会基础。民间淫祠在唐代社会非常盛行 ,主要表现为各种名目繁多的“生祠”、祭庙以及巫鬼信仰。唐政府及各级地方官对民间淫祠 ,基本上是持禁绝或改造的态度 ,为此曾展开过一系列移风易俗的工作 ,并取得了一定的社会效果